WSC (Where Subjects Connect) – Interdisciplinary Curriculum 2025

This curriculum is free for all students.
It includes thought-provoking debate motions, writing prompts, and challenging questions designed to help students apply their knowledge in creative and interdisciplinary ways. Whether you're curious about the future, inspired by the past, or eager to explore big ideas in new ways, this curriculum is your launchpad.

For those who want to go further, students can sign up for our Academic Support Services (Pro or Gold) or join our Gifted & Talented Programme (Premium or above) for more advanced opportunities.
⚠️ Please note: Admission to the Gifted & Talented Programme requires submission of a CogAT score or an equivalent assessment.

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Waking Up in the Future: What Would You Notice First?

Rip Van Winkle dozed off and woke up two decades later. Captain America, also known as Steve Rogers, snoozed through seventy years. Aang, the Last Airbender, stayed frozen for a whole century. And yet, none of them seemed too worse for wear—aside from Rip’s impressive new beard. Now imagine it’s you who wakes up… not with superhero strength or a mystical glow-up, but just you, blinking your eyes open in the year 2120.

How long would it take before you realized you were no longer in your own time? Would your bed feel like it was floating? Would chairs bend and twist to your shape? Would your fridge be stocked with insect ice cream or lab-grown lasagna? Would the World Scholar’s Cup still be happening in Bangkok—or would something even stranger have taken its place?

And what about the world outside your front door? Would you find a thriving future full of solar cities and sky-high gardens, or would the streets be quiet and overgrown, like something out of a post-apocalyptic movie? Would you meet people who think and talk like us, or would they seem like a different species altogether?

The Past Shows Us Just How Fast Things Can Change

To understand what a hundred years can do, look back. Research what daily life was like in 1825, then compare it to 1925, and again to the present day. How different were homes, schools, and even snacks in those eras? Did kids have more freedom, or less? Did communities grow closer—or further apart? Has change in your own city or country been speeding up—or does it depend on what you’re noticing? Technology? Culture? Education?

Closer Than You Think: A Peek at 2045

Now rewind the future just a little: instead of a hundred years, imagine you’ve skipped ahead only twenty years, to 2045. What would life look like for someone your age? Will students still carry backpacks—or will everything be stored in a neural chip? Will schools still exist, or will we all learn from holographic teachers at home? What predictions feel easy to make, and which ones are complete mysteries?

Re-Igniting the Flame

Some things literally catch fire, while others spark excitement, passion, or ideas. When something "re-ignites," it means it’s catching fire again—whether it’s a cause, a memory, or a dream. But how is re-igniting different from starting something brand new? Is a second fire stronger—or riskier? Talk with your friends: when is it better for something to burn twice? And what’s the difference between burning up, burning down, and burning with something?

Passions That Return—And Why

We all have something that gets our hearts racing. For some, it might be the World Scholar’s Cup. For others, it could be fighting climate change, battling through the final boss of a favorite video game, or challenging the downsides of social media. But what would it take to reignite your passion for something—or someone—you used to care deeply about? Why do people sometimes step away from things they once loved, and what draws them back?

The Future Used to Feel Limitless

Not long ago, the future was viewed with wide-eyed optimism. At the beginning of the 20th century—and even at the end of it—many people believed that the world would keep improving, thanks to science and technology. It wasn’t just computers that were doubling in power every year—people imagined that everything was on a path toward better, brighter days. One example? The hopeful tones in the song “Counting Up to Twenty”.

But do you see the future that way? How does your view compare to your parents’, grandparents’, or teachers’? Are they more hopeful—or more cautious—about what’s coming next?

Hope vs. Fear: Which Will Shape Tomorrow?

Poet Robert Browning once wrote, “The best is yet to be.” Today, though, some people feel the opposite. With worries about climate change, global conflict, and economic instability, some adults even question whether it’s fair to bring children into such an uncertain world. If you met someone who had completely lost hope in the future, would you try to change their mind? What would you say to help them believe in tomorrow again?

Things That Come Back to Life

Now take your attention away from big world changes and focus on smaller things that can make a comeback too: long-lost music bands, forgotten TV shows, even old toys and tech gadgets. Ever seen someone at school using a retro film camera or wearing clothes from a totally different decade? Trends often return—but not always the way we remember them.

What other things from the past do you think could make a comeback in your lifetime? A favorite food from your childhood? A toy, a store, or even a family-owned restaurant? And here’s the challenge: would you just hope for it to come back—or would you actually do something to bring it back?

Resurrection Isn’t Just for Fairy Tales

Even though bringing someone fully back from the dead is still science fiction, many people experience a kind of rebirth after tough times—whether it’s recovering from illness, getting released from prison, or emerging from a long period of sadness or struggle. In Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, this idea of being “recalled to life” is powerful and real.

Do you know anyone who’s had a fresh start like that—who’s had to rebuild themselves and their life? What kind of support do people need when they’re starting over? And what can you do, even now, to help someone feel like they matter again?

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🛜 A Promise That Changed (and Changed Again): Australia's Internet Plan

In 2009, the Australian government made a bold promise: to build a super-fast internet network using brand-new fiber cables that would reach 93% of the population. But by 2013, a new government decided the original plan was too expensive and would take too long to build. So, they revised the plan: instead of using fiber all the way to people’s homes, they reused older copper wires and cable lines. This compromise resulted in slower connections for many users.

In 2020, the government announced the project was "complete"—claiming that over 11 million homes and businesses could now connect. But around 35,000 locations still had no access at all, and over 230,000 couldn’t reach the minimum 25 Mbps speed that qualifies as broadband in Australia (The Register).

By 2025, many Australians remain stuck with slow or no internet. While the network helped support Zoom calls and online schooling during the pandemic, critics argue it would have performed better if the original fiber plan had been kept. Others say technologies like 5G may make the debate less important.

💬 Team Talk: Why do governments change big plans halfway through? Should a project be considered “finished” if many people still can’t use it properly?

🚆 Canada’s High-Speed Train... That Isn’t

Canada once hoped to join the global race for high-speed trains. But over time, the vision shifted. Instead of building high-speed rail, Canada rebranded its project as “high-frequency” rail—meaning the trains would come more often but not move significantly faster.

As of 2024, traveling from Toronto to Montreal by train still takes over five hours—roughly the same as driving—and roundtrip tickets can cost more than $300. Only about 50% of Via Rail trains ran on time in late 2023. Unlike other G7 countries, Canada has no true high-speed trains. Why? Because Via Rail owns only 3% of the tracks it uses. The rest belong to freight companies, which prioritize cargo over passengers (The Walrus).

High-speed rail could boost business, cut pollution, and reduce travel time. But with a projected cost of up to $40 billion, many governments have hesitated. Current plans may reduce travel time by just 20–60 minutes.

💬 Team Talk: Should countries aim high even if they might fail—or focus on smaller, realistic goals?

🌍 Big Ideas, Slow Results: Megaprojects Around the World

Australia and Canada aren’t alone. Around the world, governments begin ambitious infrastructure plans—then revise or abandon them halfway through. Some succeed. Many struggle.

📌 Famous Megaprojects:

• Big Dig (USA)
• Channel Tunnel (UK–France)
• California High-Speed Rail (USA)
• Sejong Smart City (South Korea)
• Hambantota Port (Sri Lanka)
• NEOM (Saudi Arabia)
• Khazar Islands (Azerbaijan)
• Three Gorges Dam (China)
• Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (China)
• New Eurasia Land Bridge (Asia–Europe)

💬 Team Talk: Why do some countries succeed while others fail? Should governments be cautious or bold when planning big projects?

🧱 Why the World Is Slowing Down

In many developed countries, leaders are backing away from bold infrastructure and choosing safer, incremental improvements. As The New Yorker explains, Seattle’s “Big Bertha” tunnel-boring machine broke down underground, delaying the highway project for years. It took over a year just to lift Bertha out. Buildings nearby cracked. The whole project became a cautionary tale.

Studies show that 9 out of 10 megaprojects run over budget. Some planners even give intentionally low estimates to get approval. One politician joked: “Dig a hole so big they can’t cancel it.”

💬 Team Talk: Can you think of a time when a smaller plan would have worked better?

💥 Perception vs. Reality: How People Feel About Big Projects

Even when projects fail, people may still feel proud of them. That’s because these projects can symbolize progress. As Taylor & Francis reports, perception often matters as much as function.

Take Indonesia’s Suramadu Bridge: It brought travel benefits—but also pollution, broken promises, and lost farmland. Still, locals felt proud. The bridge became a symbol of connection, importance, and national pride.

💬 Team Talk: What matters more—how a project functions, or how it makes people feel?

🧍‍♀️🧍‍♂️ Global Loneliness: A Hidden Epidemic

In 2023, the World Health Organization declared loneliness a global health threat. It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, depression, and dementia—and can be as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

📊 Around the world:

• 1 in 8 teens in Africa feel lonely
• 1 in 20 in Europe
• 1 in 4 older people globally experience serious isolation

As ScienceAlert explains, loneliness varies by age, region, and culture—but it’s everywhere.

💬 Team Talk: Should loneliness be treated like a public health issue? What solutions could help?

🤖 Japan’s Robot Companions: Can Tech Fix Loneliness?

To combat social isolation, Japan has turned to robots. According to HuffPost and MIT Technology Review, Japan’s care bots include:

• Paro: A seal-like robot that blinks, “coos,” and responds to touch
• Pepper: A humanoid robot used in care homes
• Aibo: A robotic dog
• Telenoid and Gatebox: Virtual companions for people who live alone

These robots provide comfort, but not without problems. Many care homes stopped using them due to cost or complexity. In one case, a woman refused to eat without Paro. Technology helped—but couldn’t replace human care.

💬 Team Talk: Would you want a robot friend? What matters more—tech or real connection?

📉 Global Living Standards: Are We Going Backward?

In 2021, the UN Development Programme found that living conditions declined in 90% of countries—for the second year in a row. A mix of COVID-19, war, and climate change triggered this drop. Even wealthy countries like the U.S. saw their rankings fall.

💬 Team Talk: Should countries focus on basic needs or high-tech progress?

👶 Why Are People Having Fewer Children?

Birth rates are dropping worldwide. As UCA Insights explains, rising living costs, job insecurity, and climate fears have made many people hesitate to start families. Some governments offer money, parental leave, or childcare support—but nothing has reversed the trend.

By 2100, countries like South Korea, China, and Italy may see their populations cut in half. As McKinsey warns, shrinking populations could challenge economies.

💬 Team Talk: Should we try to raise birth rates—or adapt to a world with fewer people?

🎧 Parasocial Relationships: Replacing Real Friends?

During COVID-19 lockdowns, podcasts became lifelines. As The Guardian reported, people grew emotionally attached to their favorite hosts—despite never meeting them. These one-sided bonds are called parasocial relationships.

💬 Team Talk: Are parasocial bonds comforting or risky? Can creators become true emotional support?

📱 Algorithms, Doomscrolling, and Mental Health

Social media platforms use algorithms to keep you watching. These algorithms are designed to boost engagement—even if the content is harmful. As Stanford HAI explains, this design can harm mental health.

According to Harvard Magazine, adults are also affected—especially those over 35 using TikTok or Facebook.

💬 Team Talk: Who should be held responsible when algorithms promote harmful content? Vox explores how this played out in Myanmar.

📺 News Overload: Too Much Information Hurts

As APA notes, oversaturation of negative news causes stress and anxiety. BBC Future adds that our worldview becomes darker the more we consume.

Especially when media includes violent content, viewers can suffer trauma—even from afar (Psychology Today).

💬 Team Talk: Should governments or platforms limit how much news we see? Who decides?

💭 Final Reflection Prompts:

• What does "real progress" mean to you?
• Is it better to underpromise and overdeliver—or vice versa?
• Are megaprojects inspiring or distracting?
• How can we balance emotional connection and digital interaction?
• Should we trust algorithms to guide our attention—or question their design?

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🛜 Infrastructure & Technology

1. Governments should only announce projects they know they can finish.

2. Old technology is better than new technology for public services.

3. It was right for Australia to change its internet plan halfway through.

4. Canada should have built high-speed trains, even if they were expensive.

5. It’s better to improve slow systems than to start over with big ideas.

🌍 Megaprojects & National Ambitions

1. Megaprojects help countries feel proud, even if they don’t work well.

2. Small community projects are more important than megaprojects.

3. A project should only be called “finished” if it works for everyone.

4. Countries should stop building expensive megaprojects.

5. Governments should ask citizens before starting megaprojects.

🧍‍♀️ Loneliness & Mental Health

1. Loneliness should be treated like a physical health problem.

2. Robot pets can be real friends.

3. Technology can never replace human connection.

4. Schools should teach students how to build friendships.

5. Every country should have a Minister for Loneliness.

🤖 Algorithms & Digital Lives

1. Social media companies should be punished when harmful content spreads.

2. Parasocial relationships are dangerous for young people.

3. We should limit how much news we see each day to protect our mental health.

4. Algorithms should be designed to improve people’s well-being, not just keep them online.

5. Students should learn how algorithms work before using social media.

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🛜 Infrastructure & Society

A global AI-powered planner is created to decide which countries get funding for megaprojects. It studies public opinion, environmental data, and economic stats.
☐ Would this make the world more fair—or more frustrating?

🧍‍♀️ Loneliness & Identity

A digital wristband tracks your emotional state and sends out friendly messages when it detects you're feeling lonely.
☐ Would you wear one? What could go wrong—or really right?

🤖 Algorithms & Media

An algorithm starts predicting what stories will make people sad—and boosts them online to increase clicks.
☐ Should someone shut it down, or is it just doing its job?

🚆 History & Infrastructure

An unfinished megaproject is discovered from 60 years ago—an underwater train linking continents. A new government wants to finish it.
☐ Should they honor the original vision or create a smaller, safer plan?

🎧 Media & Relationships

A podcast host reveals that none of their stories were real—but their listeners say it helped them through hard times.
☐ Was the host wrong—or were they exactly what people needed?

📉 Population & Progress

In the future, people are rewarded with extra government services if they choose not to have children, to help fight climate change.
☐ Should people get rewards for helping the planet this way?

🧠 Technology & Memory

A memory archive app lets you upload your happiest moments so others can "visit" them.
☐ Would you share your memories with strangers? Why or why not?

🌍 Global Connections

A social media challenge spreads to 200 countries in 48 hours—encouraging young people to build something real, offline, with others.
☐ What kind of challenge could inspire that kind of global action?

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🌐 Global Megaprojects & Infrastructure

1. What was the original goal of Australia’s 2009 internet project?

2. Why did the Australian government change their internet plan in 2013?

3. By 2025, how many buildings in Australia still couldn’t access the broadband network?

4. What was one reason Canada’s high-speed rail plans were downgraded?

5. What is the difference between “high-speed” and “high-frequency” rail in Canada?

6. Why do some megaprojects like California’s high-speed rail face delays?

7. Which of the following megaprojects was designed to connect Europe and Asia?

8. Why might governments choose to “reuse” old infrastructure in big projects?

9. What made the Seattle tunnel boring machine “Bertha” a megaproject failure?

10. What was the emotional impact of the Suramadu Bridge on some locals in Indonesia?

🧱 Public Perception of Progress

1. Why do some people feel proud of megaprojects, even if they don’t use them?

2. What is one reason megaprojects are sometimes considered a success despite failures?

3. Why might a government call a project “finished” even when parts are incomplete?

4. What role does public identity play in how people view large infrastructure?

5. Why are emotional benefits important in evaluating megaproject success?

💬 Government Decision-Making

1. Why do governments often change or scale down large projects?

2. What can delay a large infrastructure project?

3. Which of the following is NOT typically a reason megaprojects fail?

4. What’s a common political strategy when launching megaprojects?

5. Why might leaders prefer small projects over big ideas today?

🧍‍♀️ Loneliness & Social Health

1. What did the World Health Organization declare about loneliness in 2023?

2. How is loneliness similar to smoking, according to health experts?

3. What region has some of the highest reported rates of loneliness among adults?

4. Why is it difficult to track loneliness data in some parts of the world?

5. What are some causes of loneliness that go beyond personal feelings?

🧠 Understanding the Loneliness Epidemic

1. Why do some young people experience loneliness even while online?

2. What’s the risk of “parasocial” relationships formed through podcasts?

3. How can social media both help and harm people emotionally?

4. Why are robots like Paro used in Japan?

5. What is a downside of using robots in elderly care homes?

🤖 Technology & Emotional Support

1. What emotional issue are robotic pets designed to address?

2. Why didn’t many of Japan’s care robots succeed in real-world use?

3. What’s a major concern with replacing caregivers with machines?

4. What does the term “hikikomori” describe in Japan?

5. Why are some people concerned about children becoming attached to robots?

📉 Demographic Change & Falling Birth Rates

1. What’s one reason birth rates are declining globally?

2. Why are fewer people choosing to have children in wealthy countries?

3. What is the “Meta Crisis”?

4. What happens when a country’s population pyramid flips upside down?

5. Which continent is expected to grow in population while others shrink?

🧓 Aging Societies & Economic Pressure

1. What is the "senior gap"?

2. What are governments doing to try to increase birth rates?

3. Why are many retirement systems under stress?

4. How might societies adapt to smaller working-age populations?

5. What’s the challenge with relying on incentives like baby bonuses?

🎧 Media Use & Mental Health

1. What is a “parasocial” relationship?

2. Why did podcasts become popular during the pandemic?

3. What is “headline stress disorder”?

4. How do social media algorithms increase emotional risk?

5. What strategy do experts suggest to reduce the emotional toll of news exposure?

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A full interdisciplinary guide to exploring fate, prediction, prophecy, and possibility through poetry, art, music, psychology, and science.

Why Do We Try to Predict Tomorrow?

Humans have always longed to know what lies ahead. From ancient oracles to scientific models, poetry to prophecy, we seek patterns, meaning, and sometimes comfort in the unknown.

Team Talk:

• Would knowing the future make your life easier or harder?
• Are predictions more helpful or harmful?
• If someone gave you a book of your life—would you read it?

Poets Who Predicted the Future

Throughout history, poets have offered insights into the future—sometimes as warnings, sometimes as wonderings.

📜 Poems to Explore

• Horace | Ode I.11 (23 BCE): Live for today. The future is unknowable.
• Yeats | The Second Coming (1919): A terrifying new world emerges as society breaks down.
• Frost | Fire and Ice (1920): Desire and hatred could both destroy us.
• Dickinson | The Future—never spoke (1921): The future arrives silently and without warning.

🗿 Ancient Divination: Asking the Unknown

Divination practices have existed for thousands of years, used to seek answers from gods, nature, and intuition.

• Oracle Bones (Shang Dynasty): Heated tortoise shells cracked to reveal insights.
• Divination across civilizations: In Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, Egypt, and beyond.
• Common methods: Astrology, hydromancy, bibliomancy, oneiromancy, haruspicy.

Explore the following examples and terms, then discuss with your team: Why is divination enjoying a resurgence amongst young people today?

According to USC Annenberg Media, Millennials and Gen Z are embracing fortune-telling practices not just as entertainment, but as emotional support, spiritual tradition, and a form of personal empowerment.

Why Do We Believe Predictions?

Our brains seek patterns. Psychology explains why fortune-telling feels real:

• Barnum Effect: Vague statements feel personally true.
• Confirmation Bias: We notice what fits our beliefs.
• Cold Reading: Clever guesses feel prophetic.
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Belief shapes behavior—and outcome.

🧬 Do We Choose Our Future?

Can we control what happens? Or are we shaped by biology, upbringing, and external forces?

Stories to explore:

• Ted Chiang: What’s Expected of Us
• C. Robert Cargill | Sea of Rust (2007): As robots decay and lose logic, they behave more like humans, challenging the line between programmed determinism and emotional choice.
• Sam Hughes | I Don't Know, Timmy, Being God Is a Big Responsibility (2007): In this mind-bending story, scientists create a quantum computer capable of simulating the entire universe—and discover they're inside one.

Discuss with your team:

• If you knew your world was simulated, would it change your behavior?
• Are good and bad choices still meaningful in a deterministic world?
• Is free will an illusion—or the only thing that makes us real?

Calendars, Cycles & Chaos

Not all methods of foretelling the future are mystical—some are built from centuries of careful observation.

For example, the Chinese Agricultural Calendar combines both lunar and solar cycles to track time and seasons. Unlike the Gregorian calendar (which follows only the sun), this system watches both the moon’s phases and the sun’s movement through the sky. Lunar months determine festival dates like Lunar New Year, while 24 solar terms help farmers know exactly when to plant, harvest, and expect seasonal changes.

Each solar term is based on how the sun’s path changes throughout the year—like Winter Solstice, Grain Rain, or Awakening of Insects. These events signal specific weather patterns or crop conditions.

The result is a calendar that reliably predicts the movements of the sun and moon, ocean tides, astronomical events, and the turning of the seasons. In fact, as NPR reports, the Chinese calendar is a lunisolar system that has shaped not only agriculture, but also governance and science.

🌦 How Far Can We Predict the Weather?

Research how meteorologists make weather forecasts and explore with your team: how far ahead in time is a weather forecast useful?

According to a 2019 study in Science, the practical limit of accurate, specific weather forecasting is about 10 days. That’s because the atmosphere is a chaotic system—tiny changes in air pressure or temperature can lead to dramatically different outcomes over time.

While some companies, like AccuWeather, release highly specific 45- or even 90-day forecasts, most meteorologists agree these are unreliable and not supported by modern science. The American Meteorological Society advises that forecasts beyond 8 days often lack useful skill or accuracy.

However, meteorologists can make probabilistic forecasts much further in advance. Instead of predicting the exact temperature or rainfall on a given day, these forecasts show likelihoods—for example, the chance of above-average temperatures for a season, or an early start to hurricane season.

How might AI prediction models change the field of meteorology?

New breakthroughs in AI-powered forecasting are pushing the boundaries. According to The Guardian, Google's GenCast model—developed by DeepMind—has outperformed traditional forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It can predict day-to-day weather, hurricanes, and cyclones up to 15 days in advance—faster and more accurately.

GenCast learned from 40 years of weather data instead of solving equations like traditional models. It runs in just minutes using machine learning, not supercomputers. While GenCast isn’t ready to replace current methods, it's expected to work alongside them to improve speed and accuracy, especially during extreme weather.

The real power? GenCast can generate dozens of forecast scenarios to show what might happen—not just what will. That makes it a major leap for understanding uncertainty.

Be sure to also learn the difference between weather and climate models, and if they are still accurate in face of a changing climate.

As The Conversation explains, weather and climate models use the same physical principles, but they serve very different purposes.

• Weather models focus on short-term conditions (up to 7–10 days), relying heavily on recent data to make detailed forecasts. They're all about initial conditions and change quickly with new information.
• Climate models, on the other hand, don’t try to forecast next week’s rain. Instead, they simulate long-term patterns over decades or centuries, factoring in processes like ocean circulation, the carbon cycle, and human emissions.

Because climate forecasts simulate the Earth system over long timescales, they don’t aim to predict exact storms but focus on trends like average temperature rise or increased likelihood of extreme weather.

And while AI can boost weather forecasts, it's still uncertain whether machine learning alone can handle the complexity of long-term climate prediction—especially for climate futures we haven’t experienced yet. That’s why both types of models are vital digital tools.

Team Talk:

• Why do we need both types of models?
• Should governments trust AI-generated forecasts?
• How can we plan for a future with increased uncertainty?

Final Reflection Prompts

• Which predictions feel empowering? Which feel scary?
• What do art and music teach us about human belief?
• Should we trust predictions? Or create our own path?

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🔮 Fate, Forecasts & Fortune-Telling

1. Resolved: That people should be allowed to use divination methods to make life decisions.

2. Resolved: That fortune tellers should need a license to operate.

3. Resolved: That reading your horoscope should count as a form of self-reflection.

4. Resolved: That poetry is a better way to predict the future than statistics.

5. Resolved: That ancient prophecy deserves more respect in modern culture.

6. Resolved: That dreams can be reliable sources of guidance.

7. Resolved: That governments should fund research into historical divination practices.

8. Resolved: That superstition is just science we haven’t explained yet.

9. Resolved: That every student should try a tarot reading before choosing a career.

10. Resolved: That “mystics” and “scientists” aren’t as different as we think.

🧠 Psychology, Bias & Belief

1. Resolved: That believing in something makes it more likely to happen.

2. Resolved: That personality quizzes should come with a warning label.

3. Resolved: That free will is just an illusion we choose to believe.

4. Resolved: That knowing your future would change your personality.

5. Resolved: That self-fulfilling prophecies should be studied in every school.

6. Resolved: That people should learn about cognitive bias before they’re allowed to vote.

7. Resolved: That being told you're special can ruin your future.

8. Resolved: That fate is more comforting than freedom.

9. Resolved: That predicting your own future is a dangerous game.

10. Resolved: That most people don’t really want to know the truth.

🌦 Weather, Climate & Chaos

1. Resolved: That all weather forecasts beyond 10 days should come with a disclaimer.

2. Resolved: That schools should teach students how to read weather models.

3. Resolved: That AI should control our climate forecasting systems.

4. Resolved: That unreliable weather apps are a public danger.

5. Resolved: That climate predictions should be treated like breaking news.

6. Resolved: That communities should be designed using historical climate data.

7. Resolved: That chaotic systems should be taught before algebra.

8. Resolved: That we should trust probabilistic forecasts more than politicians.

9. Resolved: That AI weather predictions should override human intuition.

10. Resolved: That forecasting extreme weather is more important than forecasting politics.

🧬 Simulation, Science & AI

1. Resolved: That AI should be allowed to simulate future human societies.

2. Resolved: That if we’re living in a simulation, we should try to escape.

3. Resolved: That simulated people deserve basic rights.

4. Resolved: That AI-generated forecasts should be used in court.

5. Resolved: That quantum computers will make human ethics harder.

6. Resolved: That students should debate whether the universe is real.

7. Resolved: That if we discover we’re a simulation, we should act better—just in case.

8. Resolved: That predicting the future is more powerful than changing the past.

9. Resolved: That every government should fund a department of long-term forecasting.

10. Resolved: That machine learning should not be used to predict criminal behavior.

📆 Time, Tradition & Tools

1. Resolved: That the calendar is humanity’s most powerful invention.

2. Resolved: That we should bring back solar and lunar calendars.

3. Resolved: That every culture should design its own school calendar.

4. Resolved: That students should learn to predict the seasons without a phone.

5. Resolved: That farmers are better at forecasting than apps.

6. Resolved: That ancient calendars are more useful than modern clocks.

7. Resolved: That every year should begin with a prediction.

8. Resolved: That the future is already written in the sky.

9. Resolved: That we should vote on what kind of future we want every decade.

10. Resolved: That predicting the future is the most important human project.

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🔮 Prediction, Technology & the Future

1. You receive a personalized news update—but it’s from one year in your future.
   ☐ What does it say? Would you try to change anything?

2. A school installs an AI that predicts your exam scores before you take the test.
   ☐ Would it motivate or stress you? Should students get to see the results?

3. Every person gets a printed “future forecast” on their 12th birthday.
   ☐ Would you read yours or throw it away?

4. A company offers to simulate your future life before you make any big decision.
   ☐ Would that be helpful—or make things harder?

5. You’re chosen to time-travel 50 years ahead to give advice to your future self.
   ☐ What would you say? What would you ask?

6. A school counselor uses tarot cards to help students choose careers.
   ☐ Would you take their advice?

7. A new app shows your future mood based on current choices.
   ☐ Would you download it—or does that ruin the fun of surprises?

8. Every student has to wear a mood-detecting wristband.
   ☐ What would yours reveal? Would it change how people treat each other?

9. You wake up and everything you dreamed last night starts coming true.
   ☐ What happens? Is it magical—or terrifying?

10. You find an old notebook filled with predictions. They’ve all come true—except one.
    ☐ Do you believe it? What do you do next?

🧠 Choice, Free Will & Control

1. An AI assistant now makes all your daily decisions—clothes, food, even what to say.
   ☐ Is life better or worse?

2. You’re told you’ve been living in a simulation your whole life.
   ☐ Does that change how you live from now on?

3. A coin flip determines your entire school schedule for the year.
   ☐ Would you trust it more than your teachers?

4. You can change one decision from your past—but only one.
   ☐ What would you change, and what would stay the same?

5. Everyone is assigned a personality label at birth.
   ☐ How does that affect who you become?

6. A company offers to remove your worst memory.
   ☐ Would you do it—or does that memory make you stronger?

7. You meet another version of yourself from a parallel universe.
   ☐ What are they like—and what do you learn about yourself?

8. You suddenly hear your future self narrating your current actions.
   ☐ Would you listen—or try to take back control?

9. Everyone starts each morning with one “destiny sentence” on their screen.
   ☐ Would you follow it—or rebel?

10. You wake up and every single person is acting as if the world is about to end.
    ☐ Do you believe them—or try to prove them wrong?

🌦 Forecasts, Chaos & Nature

1. Your weather app now predicts “life events” instead of just weather.
   ☐ Today says: “Emotional storm. Bring kindness.” What happens?

2. You’re told you were born during a solar eclipse, and that it means something.
   ☐ What do you think it means? Would others agree?

3. A town uses bird flight patterns to make all their community decisions.
   ☐ Would you live there—or fly away?

4. You notice the clouds are spelling messages—just for you.
   ☐ What do they say? Who else sees them?

5. The school AI predicts that it will snow next week—in the desert.
   ☐ What do you believe, and what do you prepare for?

6. Every plant in your town has started blooming out of season.
   ☐ Is it a sign of climate change—or something stranger?

7. You discover a machine that lets you pause the weather.
   ☐ How would you use it? Would others agree?

8. People start getting weather forecasts based on their moods.
   ☐ What would your weekly report look like?

9. A friend warns you that today has “chaos energy.”
   ☐ Do you believe them—or go about your day?

10. You wake up to find your town submerged in fog—with no explanation.
    ☐ What happens next?

📅 Calendars, Cycles & Time

1. The calendar resets unexpectedly. It’s suddenly “Year Zero.”
   ☐ What rules stay—and what changes?

2. Your community replaces months with feelings: Joyuary, Stormarch, Restember.
   ☐ What month are you in now—and how do people act?

3. The school week is now based on moon phases instead of weekdays.
   ☐ How does that change your schedule—and your sleep?

4. You find a notebook that shows your year—but in symbols, not words.
   ☐ What do the symbols mean?

5. A “Year Forecast Festival” is held to predict the next 12 months.
   ☐ What’s your prediction? How do people react?

6. The concept of time breaks. Clocks spin randomly.
   ☐ How do you live when the hour doesn’t matter?

7. People are now assigned seasons instead of birthdays.
   ☐ What’s your season, and how does it shape you?

8. You can visit one day in the future, just once.
   ☐ What day do you pick—and why?

9. Every year, people plant something that represents their hopes.
   ☐ What would you plant this year?

10. You find a calendar that belongs to the year 3024.
    ☐ What’s written in it—and do we still exist?

🧭 Traditions, Technology & Transformation

1. A new law says you must wear a device that predicts your next emotion.
   ☐ Helpful or horrifying?

2. Your school replaces report cards with “future potential” badges.
   ☐ How do students respond?

3. A town votes on whether to follow science or ancient stars for planning the year.
   ☐ Which side do you join?

4. A company sells custom-made futures.
   ☐ What kind do people buy—and what happens when futures conflict?

5. A startup offers to send your personality to the future via time capsule.
   ☐ What do you put inside?

6. The world must choose between two paths: one led by AI, one by dreams.
   ☐ Which way do you vote?

7. Every building in your town now changes shape based on people’s predictions.
   ☐ How does the world look now?

8. You wake up in a future where humans only communicate through symbols.
   ☐ How do you adapt?

9. A global broadcast interrupts every screen: “The future has arrived early.”
   ☐ What does that mean?

10. You are offered a role as “Youth Futurist”—to shape what comes next.
    ☐ What future would you create?

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🔮 ANCIENT DIVINATION & PROPHECY

1. What was the primary purpose of oracle bones during the Shang Dynasty?
   A. Storytelling
   B. Weather prediction
   C. Communicating with spirits
   D. Medical diagnosis
   E. Counting time

2. Which method involves interpreting the movement of birds to predict the future?
   A. Oneiromancy
   B. Pyromancy
   C. Ornithomancy
   D. Tasseography
   E. Scyphomancy

3. Why were solar alignments used in Aztec agriculture?
   A. To navigate trade routes
   B. To know when to sacrifice animals
   C. To track gods' birthdays
   D. To determine planting and harvest times
   E. To calculate taxes

4. Which form of divination involves interpreting dreams?
   A. Haruspicy
   B. Oneiromancy
   C. Bibliomancy
   D. Astrology
   E. Palmistry

5. Why are some young people today turning to spiritual practices like tarot and astrology?
   A. Because they are scientifically proven
   B. For emotional support and identity exploration
   C. Due to lack of internet access
   D. To prepare for college exams
   E. As part of government programs

📜 POETIC VISIONS OF THE FUTURE

1. What does Horace’s “Ode I.11” encourage readers to do?
   A. Trust prophecy
   B. Seek revenge
   C. Plan for retirement
   D. Live in the moment
   E. Invent a new calendar

2. In “The Second Coming” by Yeats, what does the falcon no longer hearing the falconer symbolize?
   A. A peaceful future
   B. Nature becoming stronger
   C. Chaos and societal breakdown
   D. Loyalty to rulers
   E. Bird migration

3. Which emotion is linked to “fire” in Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice”?
   A. Confusion
   B. Peace
   C. Hatred
   D. Desire
   E. Guilt

4. What does Dickinson’s poem “The Future—never spoke” suggest about the future?
   A. It’s always predictable
   B. It’s a clear warning
   C. It never reveals itself
   D. It’s shaped by rulers
   E. It is a reward

5. Why might poetry be a powerful way to explore predictions about the future?
   A. Poets are trained scientists
   B. Poetry uses exact measurements
   C. Poetry can hint at meaning without being literal
   D. Poetry is banned in science
   E. Poems always rhyme

🧠 PSYCHOLOGY OF BELIEF

1. What is the Barnum Effect?
   A. People remember negative prophecies more than positive ones
   B. Vague statements feel personally true
   C. Prediction failures are forgotten
   D. Illusions based on movement
   E. The belief in superstitions

2. Which of these best describes confirmation bias?
   A. Ignoring predictions altogether
   B. Believing in ghosts
   C. Only noticing evidence that supports what you already believe
   D. Seeing signs in nature
   E. Reading minds through gestures

3. What does “cold reading” rely on?
   A. Ice crystals
   B. Detailed data from studies
   C. Guessing personal details based on appearance and body language
   D. Using weather data
   E. Reading horoscopes

4. Which statement reflects a self-fulfilling prophecy?
   A. “I’ll fail, so I won’t try”—then you fail.
   B. “If I dream it, it will happen.”
   C. “Everyone fails sometimes.”
   D. “The stars say I’ll win.”
   E. “I can’t remember the forecast.”

5. Why might our brains believe in predictions, even when they’re vague?
   A. We trust anything we read
   B. It’s fun to believe
   C. We’re hardwired to look for patterns
   D. Magic is real
   E. All predictions are accurate

🧬 FREE WILL VS DETERMINISM

1. Which term refers to the idea that our actions are caused by forces outside our control?
   A. Prediction
   B. Randomness
   C. Determinism
   D. Freedom
   E. Karma

2. What kind of determinism connects our choices to genetics?
   A. Emotional determinism
   B. Cultural determinism
   C. Genetic determinism
   D. Predictive determinism
   E. Philosophical determinism

3. In “Sea of Rust,” how do robots become more like humans?
   A. They learn new languages
   B. They break down and lose logic
   C. They are reprogrammed
   D. They copy DNA
   E. They go offline

4. What philosophical idea does the story “I Don’t Know, Timmy…” explore?
   A. Fear of ghosts
   B. Parallel lives in quantum simulations
   C. Time travel using clocks
   D. Drones in warfare
   E. Poetry in space

5. Which question best reflects a deterministic view?
   A. Can I choose my dinner?
   B. If everything is programmed, are choices real?
   C. What if I made the wrong decision?
   D. Will I be famous someday?
   E. Is astrology fun?

📅 CALENDARS & CYCLES

1. Which calendar system uses both the sun and moon?
   A. Gregorian
   B. Islamic
   C. Lunisolar
   D. Aztec
   E. Julian

2. What are the 24 solar terms in the Chinese agricultural calendar used for?
   A. Festival planning
   B. Tax collection
   C. Predicting seasonal events for farming
   D. Choosing baby names
   E. Building pyramids

3. Which natural phenomenon does solar declination describe?
   A. Moonlight fading
   B. Earth’s gravity shifting
   C. The sun’s changing position throughout the year
   D. Rainfall amounts
   E. Magnetic fields

4. What was the purpose of Mount Tlaloc for the Aztecs?
   A. Astronomy lab
   B. Burial ground
   C. Solar observatory to track seasonal changes
   D. Military training camp
   E. Storm shelter

5. Why are calendars considered political tools in history?
   A. They help organize revolutions
   B. They determine national holidays
   C. They shape authority and control through timing
   D. They are sold for profit
   E. They help decide family names

🌦 WEATHER, AI & CHAOS

1. What’s the general time limit for accurate daily weather forecasting?
   A. 3 days
   B. 7 days
   C. 10 days
   D. 20 days
   E. 45 days

2. Why are long-range forecasts over 10 days often unreliable?
   A. Satellites are weak
   B. Weather is chaotic and changes quickly
   C. There aren’t enough meteorologists
   D. People don’t believe them
   E. The moon interferes

3. What does AI model GenCast use to predict the weather?
   A. Traditional physics equations
   B. Crystals
   C. Weather folklore
   D. Machine learning from decades of data
   E. Human interviews

4. What is a benefit of GenCast’s prediction system?
   A. It can control the weather
   B. It predicts up to 90 days ahead
   C. It makes predictions in minutes, not hours
   D. It replaces all meteorologists
   E. It uses tea leaves

5. Why do meteorologists use both weather and climate models?
   A. To test supercomputers
   B. For public entertainment
   C. To understand both short-term and long-term patterns
   D. To track star constellations
   E. To compare past civilisations

🌀 SYSTEMS & UNCERTAINTY

1. What is a climate model most useful for?
   A. Telling tomorrow’s weather
   B. Predicting exact snow days
   C. Showing long-term temperature trends
   D. Explaining local humidity
   E. Calculating taxes

2. Why are weather models updated more frequently than climate models?
   A. Weather is less important
   B. Weather needs real-time updates
   C. Weather data is fake
   D. Climate models crash often
   E. There are more rainstorms

3. What does the butterfly effect teach us?
   A. Butterflies control the seasons
   B. Small actions can lead to big results
   C. Life is unfair
   D. Computers can’t model nature
   E. The moon causes hurricanes

4. What might probabilistic forecasts say?
   A. “It will rain exactly at 3:21 PM”
   B. “There’s a 60% chance of above-average heat this month”
   C. “Snow will hit every major city”
   D. “A perfect summer is coming”
   E. “It’s going to rain frogs”

5. Why are AI forecasts sometimes distrusted?
   A. They are slow
   B. They use old software
   C. They don’t always explain uncertainty
   D. They copy other predictions
   E. They cost too much

🎨 ARTS, MEDIA & HUMAN BELIEF

1. Why do some songs and paintings explore prophecy?
   A. To challenge the weather
   B. To inspire thoughts about fate and future
   C. To decorate homes
   D. To warn aliens
   E. To improve farming

2. Which of these is an example of a modern cultural prediction tool?
   A. Weather balloons
   B. Tarot TikTok accounts
   C. Police drones
   D. Traffic signs
   E. Cooking apps

3. What can art teach us about prediction?
   A. It proves all predictions
   B. It shares emotional insights into human hopes and fears
   C. It corrects scientific mistakes
   D. It shows how time works
   E. It warns against computers

4. How might fortune-telling be used as therapy?
   A. It’s always true
   B. It helps people feel seen and reflect on choices
   C. It solves all mental health issues
   D. It works better than AI
   E. It can read DNA

5. Why might some people prefer daily horoscopes over full forecasts?
   A. They're easier to ignore
   B. They are more poetic
   C. They offer small, manageable insights
   D. They contain code
   E. They are government-issued

🧭 CRITICAL REASONING & DISCUSSION

1. If AI could perfectly predict your day, would you follow it? Why or why not?

2. Should governments make laws using long-term climate predictions? Why?

3. Is living with uncertainty more freeing or more stressful? Defend your answer.

4. Can belief in a positive future change someone's outcome? Explain.

5. If we knew our universe was a simulation, what should we do differently?

✏️ APPLYING WHAT YOU KNOW

1. What’s one difference between weather and climate models?

2. Name one reason people might seek out divination today.

3. How can prediction shape your daily behavior?

4. What makes a good prediction feel believable?

5. What role should art and poetry play in conversations about the future?

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🌍 The Future That Never Happened

Some inventions sounded like they came straight out of science fiction—fast, exciting, and futuristic. But not all of them worked out the way people hoped.

🔧 Explore the ideas below. What went wrong? Why didn’t people use them? Could any of them still make a comeback in the future?

Futuristic Inventions That Didn’t Take Off

• Rocket mail – Sending letters by rocket!
• Flying cars – Like planes you could drive.
• Maglev trains – Super-fast trains that float above the tracks.
• Zeppelins – Giant airships from the past.
• Suspension railways – Trains that hang from above.
• Ground-effect vehicles – Hovercraft that skim over land and sea.
• Supersonic transport – Passenger planes faster than sound.
• Nuclear-powered vehicles – Cars or ships running on nuclear energy.
• Hyperloop – Vacuum tubes for ultra-fast travel.
• Hydrogen vehicles – Cars powered by hydrogen gas.
• Mecha – Giant robots you can pilot.
• Metaverse – A 3D digital world to live, work, and play in.

💬 Team Talk

• Why do you think these ideas didn’t catch on?
• Can you imagine a future where any of them do become popular?

🎶 Hope, Music, and the End of History?

In the 1990s, many people believed the world was heading toward peace, progress, and amazing discoveries. One of the most talked-about ideas came from a political thinker named Francis Fukuyama, who in 1989 wrote an article called “The End of History?”—later turned into a book.
But what did he mean by the end of history?
Fukuyama didn’t mean that historical events would stop. Instead, he argued that liberal democracy—governments chosen by the people and based on rights and freedoms—was probably the best system humanity would ever create. According to The Conversation, he believed that no better political system had emerged, even if democracy wasn’t always perfect in practice.

He also borrowed from earlier philosophers like Hegel and Kojève, who believed that history was pushing toward freedom and justice for all. Fukuyama said that even if countries didn’t always live up to democratic ideals, the idea of democracy had won—and that’s why history (in that big-picture sense) had “ended.”

However, many critics disagreed. They pointed out that some democracies still struggled with inequality and unfairness, and that other governments, including authoritarian ones, were still powerful. Even Fukuyama later admitted that democracies are fragile, and that problems like populism and misinformation make it hard to know if democracy will win out.

💬 Team Talk

• Do you think democracy is the best kind of government? Why or why not?
• Can an idea still be powerful, even if it’s not perfect?

🎶 Listen and Explore: Songs of 90s Optimism

Scorpions – “Wind of Change” (1990)

This powerful ballad by German rock band Scorpions became a symbol of hope during the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. It imagined a world finally coming together in peace and freedom.

🎥 Watch the video

Jesus Jones – “Right Here, Right Now” (1991)

This upbeat anthem captured the joy of witnessing world change. Inspired by the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the song expresses excitement that people were "waking up from history."

🎥 Watch the video

Michael Jackson – “Heal the World” (1991)

Michael Jackson’s song calls for peace, compassion, and helping those in need. It reflects a global desire to create a kinder, more caring future.

🎥 Watch the video

Michael Crawford – “Counting Up to Twenty” (1995)

This theatrical piece from the Las Vegas show EFX captures the excitement of entering a new era. It celebrates imagination, creativity, and human potential as the new millennium approached.

🎥 Watch the video

Will Smith – “Will 2K” (1999)

A fun, energetic celebration of the year 2000, this song imagined the future as a big party. It reflects how many people looked forward to a tech-filled, exciting new century.

🎥 Watch the video

✨ The New Age Dream

In the late 20th century, a movement called New Age became popular. It blended music, meditation, love, nature, and ancient wisdom. Many people believed we were entering a time of harmony, healing, and spiritual growth.

🎶 New Age Music to Explore

Alice Coltrane – “Journey in Satchidananda” (1971)

This spiritual jazz piece mixes Indian instruments with deep, flowing music. Coltrane, who became a swamini (a Hindu spiritual leader), used sound as a way to explore peace and connection to the universe.

🎥 Watch the video

Vangelis – “To the Unknown Man” (1977)

This dreamy, instrumental song explores the mysteries of life and the cosmos. Vangelis's use of synthesizers made it feel futuristic and timeless—perfect for meditation and wonder.

🎥 Watch the video

Kitaro – “Theme From Silk Road” (1980)

Kitaro’s music blends traditional Asian sounds with modern instruments, creating a peaceful journey across cultures and landscapes. This theme was used in a documentary about the ancient Silk Road trade route.

🎥 Watch the video

Enya – “Caribbean Blue” (1991)

Enya’s soft, layered vocals and slow rhythms create a dreamy mood. The song invites listeners to imagine a better, more beautiful world.

🎥 Watch the video

Enigma – “Return to Innocence” (1994)

Combining chanting, electronic beats, and a deep message, this song reminds us to be true to ourselves. It became a global hit for its emotional and reflective mood.

🎥 Watch the video

💬 Team Talk

• What feelings do these songs inspire?
• Do ideas like love, peace, and healing still matter today?
• Can music and art help people change the world?

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🔮 FUTURISM & FAILED INVENTIONS

1. Resolved: That flying cars are worth reviving despite past failures.

2. Resolved: That the Hyperloop should be the future of public transport.

3. Resolved: That governments should fund “forgotten” futuristic inventions.

4. Resolved: That sending letters by rocket would be a useful innovation today.

5. Resolved: That the metaverse should become a global learning platform.

6. Resolved: That mecha (giant robots) should be developed for peaceful purposes.

7. Resolved: That maglev trains are a better investment than highways.

8. Resolved: That nuclear-powered vehicles are too risky to pursue.

9. Resolved: That the failure of the hydrogen car was more political than technical.

10. Resolved: That some technologies fail not because they’re bad—but because society wasn’t ready.

🏛️ DEMOCRACY & THE “END OF HISTORY”

1. Resolved: That liberal democracy is still the best system we have.

2. Resolved: That history has no end—only constant change.

3. Resolved: That Fukuyama's “End of History” theory is still relevant today.

4. Resolved: That democratic governments should never be forced on other nations.

5. Resolved: That populism is the biggest threat to democracy today.

6. Resolved: That strong governments must be limited by strong laws.

7. Resolved: That equality and liberty are more important than order and power.

8. Resolved: That democracy should evolve to include more direct citizen input.

9. Resolved: That authoritarian regimes are doomed to fail in the long run.

10. Resolved: That history is shaped more by ideas than by weapons.

🎵 MUSIC, OPTIMISM & CULTURAL MOMENTS

1. Resolved: That music is a powerful force for political change.

2. Resolved: That songs like “Wind of Change” were more than entertainment—they were history.

3. Resolved: That the optimism of the 1990s was justified.

4. Resolved: That a song can say more than a speech.

5. Resolved: That musicians have a duty to reflect the times they live in.

6. Resolved: That the millennium moment (Y2K) brought more joy than fear.

7. Resolved: That every generation needs its own anthem of hope.

8. Resolved: That music can preserve the emotions of a historical moment.

9. Resolved: That culture changes politics more than laws do.

10. Resolved: That students should study protest songs in history classes.

🌌 NEW AGE THINKING & SPIRITUALITY

1. Resolved: That New Age values of harmony and healing are needed more than ever.

2. Resolved: That spiritual music can be as educational as academic study.

3. Resolved: That love and peace are practical—not just poetic—goals.

4. Resolved: That New Age ideas should be part of school wellness programs.

5. Resolved: That we are in a new New Age movement today.

6. Resolved: That healing the world starts with imagination.

7. Resolved: That science and spirituality can work together.

8. Resolved: That sound can heal the soul.

9. Resolved: That metaphysical questions deserve a place in modern education.

10. Resolved: That ancient wisdom can solve modern problems.

🧠 CRITICAL THINKING & FUTURE QUESTIONS

1. Resolved: That knowing the future would make us more anxious, not less.

2. Resolved: That technology alone cannot create a better world.

3. Resolved: That failed inventions are stepping stones, not dead ends.

4. Resolved: That the most important future is the one we imagine together.

5. Resolved: That predicting the future should be left to science—not mysticism.

6. Resolved: That optimism should be taught as a life skill.

7. Resolved: That our greatest inventions are yet to come.

8. Resolved: That the past is our best tool for understanding the future.

9. Resolved: That art and imagination matter as much as math and science.

10. Resolved: That students should be taught how to shape—not just survive—the future.

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🔧 Futuristic Technology & Society

1. A new flying car system is launched, but only the wealthiest 10% can afford it.
   ☐ Does this innovation help society—or divide it further?

2. Rocket mail returns as a novelty service for the rich.
   ☐ Should futuristic ideas be reserved for fun—or focused on solving real problems?

3. The first permanent Hyperloop line opens between two mega-cities.
   ☐ Should speed matter more than accessibility?

4. Scientists design a nuclear-powered delivery drone.
   ☐ Is it worth the risk for faster logistics?

5. A global city bans all cars except for maglev pods.
   ☐ Is this futuristic—or just inconvenient?

6. Students in one country pilot giant learning mecha in virtual classrooms.
   ☐ Should learning be more like a game—or less?

7. A developing country becomes a hydrogen superpower.
   ☐ Does technology balance global power—or concentrate it?

8. A small nation builds the world's first full metaverse embassy.
   ☐ Is this smart diplomacy—or digital distraction?

9. Ground-effect vehicles replace cargo ships to protect marine life.
   ☐ Would you trust your food arriving on a hovercraft?

10. Old inventions like the zeppelin return—with eco upgrades.
    ☐ Should we revive the past to fix the future?

🏛️ Politics, Democracy & the “End of History”

1. A history class declares that liberal democracy has “won.”
   ☐ Can any system ever truly win forever?

2. A new country builds its government using AI-powered voting.
   ☐ Can machines make democracy more fair—or less human?

3. After years of chaos, a region bans elections and installs a philosopher king.
   ☐ Is peace worth giving up your vote?

4. A popular streamer becomes the elected leader of a small country.
   ☐ Is this democratic progress—or performance politics?

5. The U.N. uses a “global wisdom score” to decide who gets a seat on its council.
   ☐ Is this smarter than population-based power?

6. A protest movement demands that emotions be included in policy-making.
   ☐ Should feelings ever drive the laws we follow?

7. A utopian island claims it has reached “the end of history.”
   ☐ Can a perfect society exist—or is that just a story we tell?

8. A law requires all citizens to study Hegel before voting.
   ☐ Can deep ideas improve democracy—or just confuse it?

9. An online platform lets people vote on global issues weekly.
   ☐ Would this strengthen democracy—or overwhelm it?

10. Every leader must now write and publish their dreams monthly.
    ☐ Could transparency like this reduce corruption—or increase chaos?

🎵 Music, Culture & Meaning

1. A new hit song calls for unity across borders—but is banned in some countries.
   ☐ Can music change the world—or just annoy governments?

2. Students must pick a 1990s song to serve as their personal anthem.
   ☐ What would yours say about your hopes for the future?

3. “Wind of Change” is re-released during a political crisis.
   ☐ Can old songs still heal new wounds?

4. The song “Right Here, Right Now” is declared the anthem of a youth-led world council.
   ☐ Does music reflect leadership—or inspire it?

5. Music streaming platforms begin rating songs by “emotional impact.”
   ☐ Should feelings be data?

6. Debaters must argue whether “Heal the World” is realistic or naive.
   ☐ Can big dreams survive reality?

7. A robot wins a Grammy for writing a peace anthem.
   ☐ Should machines create our emotional stories?

8. You find a box of mixtapes from the 1990s with hopeful lyrics.
   ☐ Did people believe too much in the future—or not enough?

9. Schools now teach history through curated playlists.
   ☐ Is this education—or entertainment?

10. “Counting Up to Twenty” is used in space missions to teach patience.
    ☐ Can art change how we handle the unknown?

✨ New Age Ideas, Spirituality & Reflection

1. A city paints Enya lyrics on every public wall to inspire calm.
   ☐ Should governments try to shape emotions?

2. Meditation is now part of every school’s morning routine.
   ☐ Can spiritual habits build better students?

3. A group forms a political party based entirely on New Age values.
   ☐ Would love and harmony work in Parliament?

4. People use sound healing instead of medical treatment.
   ☐ Is this progress—or a dangerous return to the past?

5. “Return to Innocence” is used in peace negotiations.
   ☐ Can music make conflict easier to solve?

6. The Olympics now include a category for “spiritual performance.”
   ☐ Should we compete in peace?

7. Students must complete a “personal harmony portfolio” before graduation.
   ☐ Is inner peace as important as academic grades?

8. A school replaces grades with energy colors (blue = calm, gold = focused).
   ☐ Could this create better learning—or more confusion?

9. You’re asked to design a monument to the idea of “healing.”
   ☐ What would it look like?

10. Vangelis’s music is played to astronauts during takeoff.
    ☐ Can sound keep us grounded—even in space?

🔮 Interdisciplinary & Thought Experiments

1. You wake up in a world where all past inventions worked perfectly.
   ☐ Would life be better—or just weirder?

2. A massive database ranks countries by “future readiness.”
   ☐ Should we judge nations by their dreams?

3. Artists are now hired to help governments write laws.
   ☐ Can imagination make politics more human?

4. Students are tasked with writing a law based on a song lyric.
   ☐ Can poetry become policy?

5. An island builds itself entirely around the idea of innocence.
   ☐ Is that peaceful—or fragile?

6. Schools introduce a new subject: “The Philosophy of Megaprojects.”
   ☐ Should students think like city planners?

7. A global contest challenges youth to redesign the idea of progress.
   ☐ What would you change first?

8. Debate tournaments now include “musical defense” rounds.
   ☐ Should emotions be argued—or expressed?

9. A time capsule is being prepared to explain humanity’s hopes.
   ☐ Which invention, idea, or song would you include?

10. You must give a speech at the “End of History” conference.
    ☐ What will you say about the next beginning?

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🧠 CHALLENGING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What role do emotions play in interpreting songs about politics?
   A. They obscure the facts
   B. They amplify historical context
   C. They are irrelevant to critical thinking
   D. They replace logic entirely
   E. They distort listener memory

2. Which artist used chanting and electronic beats to explore inner reflection?
   A. Michael Crawford
   B. Jesus Jones
   C. Enigma
   D. Vangelis
   E. Kitaro

3. Which song encourages global compassion and activism?
   A. Will 2K
   B. Wind of Change
   C. Return to Innocence
   D. Heal the World
   E. Journey in Satchidananda

4. Why might futuristic dreams reflect a society's deeper values?
   A. They are based on ancient myths
   B. They reveal the limits of imagination
   C. They showcase entertainment trends
   D. They project hopes, fears, and priorities
   E. They prove politics is better than philosophy

5. What makes Kitaro’s ‘Theme from Silk Road’ representative of global connection?
   A. It only uses one cultural instrument
   B. It features political lyrics
   C. It blends traditional Asian and modern sounds
   D. It is based on mathematical rhythms
   E. It was created by a robotics engineer

6. Why might 'Right Here, Right Now' be seen as a snapshot of a historical moment?
   A. It was written during the fall of the Berlin Wall
   B. It tells the story of a philosopher
   C. It critiques democracy
   D. It explains new technology
   E. It’s based on a protest chant

7. What is a common criticism of the 'end of history' concept?
   A. It glorifies science fiction
   B. It ignores spiritual beliefs
   C. It assumes democracy is flawless and finished
   D. It favors authoritarianism
   E. It rejects economic theory

8. Why did hydrogen vehicles struggle to compete with electric cars?
   A. Lack of consumer demand
   B. Environmental safety risks
   C. Simpler engine technology
   D. Fuel cell infrastructure challenges
   E. Government bans on innovation

9. What connects megaprojects, democratic ideals, and spiritual values in this unit?
   A. They all reflect military strategy
   B. They all rely on economic forecasts
   C. They all involve competing visions of the future
   D. They are based on ancient inventions
   E. They depend on a single leader

10. Why might Alice Coltrane’s music be classified as spiritual?
    A. She studied under Karl Marx
    B. Her rhythms mirror classical opera
    C. She used improvisation to explore metaphysical ideas
    D. She only performed in temples
    E. She was a political figure

11. What is a core belief of the New Age movement?
    A. Government should control all healthcare
    B. Future planning should ignore emotions
    C. Individual transformation leads to global healing
    D. Progress is measured by military strength
    E. Technology will solve everything

12. What did Fukuyama mean by “the end of history”?
    A. Historical education should end
    B. Democracy was the final political evolution
    C. History had literally stopped
    D. Philosophy had no value
    E. Dictatorships were returning stronger

13. Why might the Hyperloop be seen as a modern version of earlier failed transport ideas?
    A. It only travels at walking speed
    B. It was based on 18th-century canal systems
    C. It shares risks with technologies like the suspended railway
    D. It requires animal power
    E. It is only useful in cold climates

14. What makes maglev trains different from traditional rail systems?
    A. They use steam
    B. They have square wheels
    C. They float on magnetic fields
    D. They carry fewer passengers
    E. They only travel underground

15. Which of the following best explains why flying cars were never widely adopted?
    A. They were banned due to noise
    B. People preferred bicycles
    C. They were expensive and hard to regulate
    D. They were never marketed
    E. They had low tire pressure

16. How does understanding political theory help us discuss art and technology?
    A. It shows that politics always ruins creativity
    B. It lets us debate fairness, power, and vision
    C. It proves that science is superior
    D. It encourages rebellion
    E. It makes law the center of all culture

17. What historical event supported Fukuyama’s idea in the early 1990s?
    A. Moon landing
    B. Fall of the Berlin Wall
    C. Creation of the Internet
    D. Climate summits
    E. Woodstock festival

18. Why do some critics say Fukuyama’s theory was “too optimistic”?
    A. It ignored new religions
    B. It assumed democracy couldn’t fail
    C. It relied on flawed math
    D. It was only popular in fiction
    E. It banned future elections

19. Which of the following explains the power of “Wind of Change”?
    A. It was the first pop song in English
    B. It narrated a historical revolution through music
    C. It won a Nobel Prize
    D. It predicted climate change
    E. It was about artificial intelligence

20. Which of these inventions focused on frictionless, high-speed motion?
    A. Maglev
    B. Rocket mail
    C. Mecha
    D. Zeppelin
    E. Suspension railway

21. What is a major difference between a liberal democracy and an authoritarian regime?
    A. Authoritarian regimes encourage citizen protests
    B. Liberal democracies allow free elections and rule of law
    C. Authoritarian regimes have more freedom of speech
    D. Liberal democracies avoid all conflicts
    E. Authoritarian regimes rely on social media to vote

22. What does Enya’s “Caribbean Blue” encourage listeners to imagine?
    A. A world where robots rule
    B. A peaceful, dreamy version of reality
    C. A war between digital nations
    D. A cold and silent ocean
    E. A future without nature

23. What does the “End of History” theory assume about liberal democracy?
    A. It has already failed
    B. It is the best we can achieve, despite flaws
    C. It should be banned
    D. It must be replaced by communism
    E. It only works in small countries

24. What connects the music of Vangelis and the ideas of the New Age movement?
    A. A belief in rapid political reform
    B. A focus on fast-paced dance music
    C. A spiritual approach to sound and self
    D. A dislike for classical music
    E. A rejection of peaceful thinking

25. Why might failed inventions still be worth studying?
    A. They show how to avoid future success
    B. They can reveal societal fears and limits
    C. They always cause disasters
    D. They are always based on myths
    E. They prove that history is useless

26. How does “Return to Innocence” differ from typical pop songs?
    A. It avoids melody and rhythm
    B. It uses chanting and reflection rather than hooks
    C. It is mostly silent
    D. It focuses on war and conflict
    E. It was created by a robot

27. Which best describes the message of “Heal the World”?
    A. Technology is the future
    B. Political power is the answer
    C. Compassion and care can change everything
    D. All problems are fake
    E. Schools should be banned

28. Why did rocket mail fail as a long-term system?
    A. Rockets couldn’t land safely
    B. It was only for books
    C. It relied on bad Wi-Fi
    D. People hated writing letters
    E. It was outlawed globally

29. What is a criticism of trying to “export” liberal democracy to other countries?
    A. It works everywhere
    B. It often leads to instability and unintended consequences
    C. It increases trade
    D. It improves tourism
    E. It creates better songs

30. What do songs like “Will 2K” tell us about cultural moods around the year 2000?
    A. People feared music
    B. People expected the future to be bright, fun, and full of change
    C. People banned optimism
    D. Songs stopped being written
    E. Everyone focused only on history

31. What does a New Age approach say about personal transformation?
    A. It has no value
    B. It’s unnecessary in modern life
    C. It leads to larger global harmony
    D. It should be replaced by technology
    E. It’s based on politics

32. Why is it helpful to connect history, music, and technology in learning?
    A. They all focus on war
    B. They show different ways of understanding change
    C. They avoid hard subjects
    D. They are unrelated
    E. They don’t require analysis

33. Why do authoritarian governments fear free public participation?
    A. It requires too much time
    B. It threatens their control
    C. It creates chaos for elections
    D. It relies on teachers
    E. It costs too much money

34. What defines a “true” liberal democracy according to Fukuyama?
    A. It has only one leader
    B. It guarantees public freedom and rule of law
    C. It bans spiritual practices
    D. It has no military
    E. It discourages public voting

35. What was one long-term result of the fall of the Soviet Union?
    A. A new world war
    B. The rise of flying cars
    C. A wave of democratic optimism
    D. Robots gaining control
    E. The end of schools

36. Which invention failed mainly due to size, weight, and slow movement?
    A. Hyperloop
    B. Mecha
    C. Zeppelin
    D. Hydrogen vehicles
    E. Maglev

37. Which of these most clearly reflects New Age thinking?
    A. Power is the most important goal
    B. Wealth solves all problems
    C. Inner peace leads to outer change
    D. Only science matters
    E. Dreams are meaningless

38. Why do songs from the 1990s still matter today?
    A. They predicted every global event
    B. They captured key emotions and turning points
    C. They were created by AI
    D. They are used in video games
    E. They banned all future music

39. What would be the biggest benefit of a “global wisdom score” for leaders?
    A. It encourages fear
    B. It creates robotic presidents
    C. It promotes thoughtful leadership over popularity
    D. It replaces voting
    E. It controls the internet

40. What lesson can we learn from failed megaprojects?
    A. Big dreams are always bad
    B. Success depends on public trust and practical planning
    C. Buildings are too expensive
    D. People hate change
    E. Small ideas work better

41. What does “To the Unknown Man” by Vangelis inspire listeners to do?
    A. Run a business
    B. Fear the future
    C. Reflect quietly and curiously on life
    D. Protest against history
    E. Avoid art entirely

42. Why is “Caribbean Blue” considered dreamlike and immersive?
    A. It uses dance beats
    B. It avoids vocals
    C. It layers soft rhythms and poetic lyrics
    D. It was recorded underwater
    E. It was originally a lullaby

43. Which invention tried to “skip” traffic by traveling in mid-air?
    A. Zeppelin
    B. Suspension railway
    C. Rocket mail
    D. Flying car
    E. Maglev

44. What makes political ideas like Fukuyama’s controversial?
    A. They rely too much on weather
    B. They ignore emotion
    C. They attempt to define a future no one can fully predict
    D. They are only discussed in sports
    E. They are illegal to teach

45. What defines an “unsurpassable ideal” in political theory?
    A. Something never tried
    B. An idea that cannot be improved upon
    C. A failed experiment
    D. A national anthem
    E. A type of voting system

46. How might a country’s choice to develop megaprojects affect public trust?
    A. It guarantees perfect peace
    B. It hides their real problems
    C. It can inspire hope or create doubt, depending on results
    D. It stops technology from growing
    E. It improves only rural areas

47. Why is the term “end of history” confusing to some readers?
    A. It refers to the death of literature
    B. It suggests time stops
    C. It uses “history” to mean the evolution of ideas—not events
    D. It includes sports and media
    E. It bans time travel

48. What happens when citizens feel disconnected from political systems?
    A. They study more
    B. They rely on robots
    C. They lose interest or begin to resist
    D. They become teachers
    E. They travel abroad

49. Which is a risk of relying too much on futuristic predictions?
    A. People will forget history
    B. Schools will stop testing
    C. Leaders will fear creativity
    D. No one will write books
    E. Air travel will become illegal

50. Why is music often used to remember turning points in history?
    A. It’s faster than a textbook
    B. It’s louder than speeches
    C. It carries emotion, memory, and context all at once
    D. It improves fashion
    E. It teaches math

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🧔 A Bearded Vision: Russia as the Next Rome?

You’ve probably heard of Rasputin, the mysterious monk from Russian history. But before him, in the 1500s, another monk named Filofei wrote letters to a young prince with a big idea: he said that Russia could become the “Third Rome.”

What does that mean?
The first Rome was the Roman Empire. The second was Constantinople (also called Byzantium). Both eventually fell. Filofei believed that Russia could take their place as the new center of global culture, faith, and power.

🧠 Discuss with your team:

• What kind of world was Filofei imagining?

• If one country today became the new “Rome,” would that be a good thing—or a dangerous one?

• Could somewhere surprising, like Greenland, ever be part of this kind of power?

🧩 Concepts to explore:

• Unipolarity vs. Multipolarity

• Core vs. Periphery

• Client states

• Soft vs. Hard Power

• Foreign Assistance

🏛️ Empires That Just Won’t Quit

Some empires are like movie franchises: even when they fall, someone tries to bring them back.

These “reboots” of old empires try to recreate past greatness. Some work a little. Most don’t. But all of them tell us something about what people value.

📚 Explore:

• Neo-Assyrian Empire

• Song Dynasty

• Byzantine Empire

• Carolingian Empire

• Ottonian Dynasty

• Meiji Restoration

• Neo-Sovietism

💬 Team Talk:

• Why do people want these empires to return?

• What parts of the past do they want to relive—or fix?

• Did any revived empire outlast the one it copied?

🧱 Rebuilding History: Restoration or Reinvention?

When historic buildings are destroyed and rebuilt, are they the same places—or something entirely new?

🏗️ Rebuilt Landmarks:

• Bibliotheca Alexandrina

• White House

• Notre Dame

• Shuri Castle

• Stonehenge

• Shakespeare’s Globe

• Yellow Crane Tower

• Babylon’s ruins

• Basilica of Saint Paul

💬 Discuss:

• Does rebuilding preserve the past or rewrite it?

• Is something “real” only if it’s original?

📚 Can Librarians Save Civilization?

In Isaac Asimov’s Foundation, a galaxy-wide empire is collapsing. One scientist comes up with a plan: send librarians to a remote planet to preserve human knowledge and rebuild society.

🤖 Team Talk:

• Are librarians the best people to save a civilization?

• If not them, then who?

• Can math and data really predict the future?

✈️ Pan Am’s Double Comeback: Sky and Style

Pan Am was once the most glamorous airline in the world. After going bankrupt in 1991, it’s returning in 2025—in two totally different ways.

🛫 1. Flying Again—for Two Weeks

According to AeroTime, Centurion Travel is launching a $65,500 luxury Pan Am-branded flight tour retracing the airline’s classic routes with stops in New York, Bermuda, Lisbon, Marseille, London, and Ireland.

👕 2. A Lifestyle Brand in South Korea

SJ Group turned Pan Am into a fashion label, with shops selling retro travel gear, bags, and accessories in Seoul. The brand collaborates with local artists and plans to open 13 more stores.

💬 Team Talk:

• Is using an old brand for something new clever—or confusing?

• Would you rather fly Pan Am—or wear it?

📼 From Floppy Disks to Film Cameras: Why Old Tech Is Cool Again

Could floppy disks or cassette tapes come back? They already are. And so are instant film cameras, vinyl, and 2000s digital cameras—thanks to nostalgia, self-expression, and viral online trends.

📷 As BBC News reports, Gen Z is reviving early digital cameras on TikTok, with over 220 million views for #digitalcamera.

🎞️ Polaroid-style film is also booming. Why?

• You get just one shot—so it feels meaningful.

• It’s imperfect, unpredictable, and fun.

• It feels like you’re capturing memories, not just saving files.

🎧 Cassette tapes are loved for their limitations: no skipping tracks, hands-on controls, and real support for small artists.

💬 Team Talk:

• Why are people choosing "worse" tech?

• Is it about feeling more real in a digital world?

🎵 De-Extinct Music: Are Old Songs Taking Over?

De-extinction isn’t just for passenger pigeons or cassette players. Old music is back—and it’s dominating the music world like never before.

According to The Atlantic, 70% of the U.S. music market is now made up of old songs. New music is actually shrinking in popularity.

🎧 Examples:

• Classic rock bands like The Police and CCR top iTunes charts.

• TikTok users stream 40-year-old hits instead of new tracks.

• Even young people working in diners and shops prefer Sting or Fleetwood Mac to the latest pop.

⚠️ And it’s not just listeners:

• Major labels are spending billions on rights to old catalogs instead of signing new talent.

• Most new songs get less than 5% of total streams.

• Even the Grammy Awards have lost their audience—98% of 18–49-year-olds didn’t watch in 2021.

📉 Radio, labels, and even streaming platforms are promoting the past more than the future. Algorithms reward safe, familiar sounds. Anything truly different gets filtered out.

😬 And it’s getting harder to break through:

• New artists fear lawsuits over similarities.

• Record stores push vinyl reissues.

• Labels invest more in dead musicians’ holograms than in living artists.

🎵 So is old music “killing” new music?

Maybe not. Music revolutions often start from unexpected places:

• Elvis came from Mississippi.

• The Beatles from Liverpool.

• Hip-hop from the Bronx.

💥 Today’s music gatekeepers may have given up—but the next big sound may be coming from someone recording in their bedroom, uploading to TikTok, and breaking through without permission.

💬 Team Talk:

• Is it bad that we’re stuck on old music?

• Are we ignoring amazing new talent?

• Where do you think the next musical revolution will come from?

🔍 Final Reflection

We’ve explored a world where:

• Countries try to become the next Rome

• Empires and brands get rebooted

• Buildings, music, and media are resurrected

• Old tech becomes trendy

• And old music might just be winning the popularity contest

🧠 Ask yourself:

Is our obsession with the past holding us back—or helping us find what really matters?

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🗣️ Debate Motions: Revivals, Resurrections & Reboots

1. Resolved: That flying cars are worth reviving despite past failures.

2. Resolved: That bringing back cassette tapes is more than just a retro trend.

3. Resolved: That old music should not dominate new playlists.

4. Resolved: That Russia should never be considered a “Third Rome.”

5. Resolved: That vintage technology is more meaningful than modern perfection.

6. Resolved: That reconstructing historical buildings distorts the past.

7. Resolved: That instant cameras make better memories than smartphones.

8. Resolved: That the return of Pan Am proves branding can survive anything.

9. Resolved: That young artists today are unfairly overshadowed by dead ones.

10. Resolved: That empires deserve second chances.

11. Resolved: That TikTok revivals of old trends are shaping culture more than schools.

12. Resolved: That students should learn on analog devices at least once a week.

13. Resolved: That vinyl records should be the default music format again.

14. Resolved: That buying nostalgia is better than chasing innovation.

15. Resolved: That hologram concerts of dead artists are disrespectful.

16. Resolved: That the most powerful countries today are unofficial empires.

17. Resolved: That librarians could restart civilization better than politicians.

18. Resolved: That rebuilding ancient monuments is like copying homework.

19. Resolved: That flawed photos tell better stories.

20. Resolved: That music algorithms are slowly erasing musical creativity.

21. Resolved: That flying on a $65,000 nostalgia flight is worth the price—for history.

22. Resolved: That future societies will judge us by what we revived.

23. Resolved: That Gen Z is leading a creative revolution with outdated tools.

24. Resolved: That every country secretly wants to be an empire again.

25. Resolved: That deepfake performances should be banned from award shows.

26. Resolved: That old digital cameras should replace phones in schools.

27. Resolved: That instant film is better at capturing real life than Instagram.

28. Resolved: That music awards are no longer culturally relevant.

29. Resolved: That students should vote on what gets rebuilt after disaster.

30. Resolved: That brands should stay dead unless they have something new to offer.

31. Resolved: That every empire ends—but only some get sequels.

32. Resolved: That the world is stuck in a loop of recycled ideas.

33. Resolved: That not all historical buildings should be rebuilt.

34. Resolved: That nostalgia is now a more powerful force than innovation.

35. Resolved: That TikTok has replaced radio as the cultural gatekeeper.

36. Resolved: That new music should be protected like endangered species.

37. Resolved: That we should stop comparing new art to old greatness.

38. Resolved: That the best technology is the one that limits you.

39. Resolved: That ancient cities rebuilt today are theme parks, not history.

40. Resolved: That student-created mixtapes should replace school newsletters.

41. Resolved: That flying in a modern plane with retro branding is still living in the past.

42. Resolved: That the most authentic things are usually imperfect.

43. Resolved: That no empire has truly “died”—they’ve just rebranded.

44. Resolved: That digital photography has made memories feel less real.

45. Resolved: That the music industry no longer believes in the future.

46. Resolved: That ancient wisdom matters more today than ever before.

47. Resolved: That de-extinct technologies belong in classrooms, not museums.

48. Resolved: That every school should have a retro tech corner.

49. Resolved: That reboots in music, media, and politics show we fear the unknown.

50. Resolved: That the next cultural revolution will come from something old.

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🏛️ Empire Revival & Historical Power

1. A government-funded project rebuilds an ancient empire's capital—exactly how it once was.
   ☐ Is this a return to greatness—or a dangerous fantasy?

2. An old empire is trending again—students around the world are copying its fashion and laws.
   ☐ Is this educational—or risky?

3. Your class is asked to redesign an ancient empire using only Gen Z values.
   ☐ What would you keep—and what would you reinvent?

4. You’re part of a team building a “Future Empire.”
   ☐ What old-world strategies would you borrow—or reject?

5. A competition challenges students to “remake history.”
   ☐ Should some events never be reimagined?

6. An empire collapses, but its fashion, food, and language spread everywhere.
   ☐ Can culture survive without control?

7. A city plans to rebuild a ruined landmark brick-for-brick—but with hidden modern tech inside.
   ☐ Is that still “authentic”?

8. A law is passed to stop hologram concerts from competing with living artists.
   ☐ Is this protecting the present—or limiting performance?

🧱 Rebuilding the Past & Preserving Memory

1. Students are asked to rebuild a destroyed historical site—but no one agrees on the design.
   ☐ Should they recreate the original—or reimagine it?

2. A rebuilt landmark is exactly like the original—down to every scratch.
   ☐ Is it authentic—or just a really good copy?

3. A museum exhibit lets you experience life in a “recycled” 1990s bedroom.
   ☐ Why are we so drawn to someone else’s past?

4. A new law says all public monuments must reflect the future, not the past.
   ☐ Is that progress—or forgetting?

5. A local museum pays students to record their lives using vintage cameras.
   ☐ Would your stories feel more real?

6. You’re asked to build a school time capsule—but no tech from the last 10 years is allowed.
   ☐ What makes the cut?

7. You’re given the chance to relaunch any extinct brand, product, or format.
   ☐ What do you choose—and how do you reintroduce it?

📼 Retro Tech, Analog Comebacks & Nostalgia

1. Cassette tapes are back, and a music store refuses to sell digital albums.
   ☐ Is this real support for artists—or just recycled nostalgia?

2. A streaming platform removes all songs made before 2010 to promote new artists.
   ☐ Would this fix the music industry—or erase cultural history?

3. A streaming app starts hiding songs that don’t fit past hit patterns.
   ☐ Is the future of music being coded out?

4. Your school decides to play only music from the last 12 months during events.
   ☐ Would that energize students—or make them miss the classics?

5. A new award show celebrates only artists who use analog gear.
   ☐ Could this restore creativity—or just create new barriers?

6. A famous digital artist only releases work on floppy disks.
   ☐ Is that a creative decision—or an unnecessary limitation?

7. An indie artist refuses to publish on Spotify and only releases music on vinyl.
   ☐ Is that brave—or self-sabotaging?

8. A young artist is told their work is “too original” for current radio.
   ☐ Can originality survive the algorithm?

9. Your school builds a retro-tech lab with floppy disks, VCRs, and Walkmans.
   ☐ What could you learn from using "dead" technology?

10. You’re invited to a dinner party where the only rule is: nothing created after 1995.
    ☐ What do you bring, wear, or share?

11. TikTok trends bring back baggy jeans, analog cameras, and cassette tapes.
    ☐ Are trends like these shaping the future—or avoiding it?

12. A global trend encourages students to carry film cameras instead of phones.
    ☐ Could this change how we see the world?

13. You find an old digital camera from the early 2000s. It has your family’s forgotten photos.
    ☐ What could those imperfect images teach you?

14. A student club wants to relaunch a forgotten brand as part of a history project.
    ☐ Should they preserve its image—or reinvent it?

15. A famous influencer refuses to use any modern devices for a year.
    ☐ Could this movement grow—or would it crash quickly?

✈️ Brand Rebirth & Cultural Reboots

1. A once-bankrupt airline is revived for a luxury flight experience.
   ☐ Is this honoring the past—or selling a dream?

2. A luxury airline rebrands itself using the name of a failed 20th-century carrier.
   ☐ Is this clever marketing—or dishonest nostalgia?

3. A fashion company revives a forgotten airline as a clothing line.
   ☐ Can identity be sold?

4. An old empire is rebooted as a lifestyle brand.
   ☐ Is that cultural tribute—or trivialization?

5. A new empire uses TikTok influencers to gain followers.
   ☐ Could it actually work?

6. A famous old brand is revived to sell high-end fashion—but its origin was cheap travel gear.
   ☐ Is this evolution—or identity theft?

🎶 Old vs New Music & Cultural Dominance

1. Old songs now make up 70% of the music market.
   ☐ Does this mean new music is worse—or just unheard?

2. You discover your favorite playlist is made up entirely of songs older than you.
   ☐ Is this comforting—or concerning?

3. A new law requires radio stations to play at least 50% new music.
   ☐ Will this spark innovation—or lose listeners?

4. The top-streamed artist of the year is a hologram of a singer who died decades ago.
   ☐ Should music awards include digital ghosts?

5. You overhear someone say: “There’s no good music anymore.”
   ☐ Do you agree—or disagree?

6. You walk into a diner where all the music is over 40 years old—but everyone is under 30.
   ☐ What does this tell you about culture today?

7. You’re asked to choose between streaming a new hit or listening to a remastered Beatles track.
   ☐ Which feels more meaningful—and why?

8. You’re asked to create a time capsule—but can only include one song.
   ☐ Should it be old or new?

9. A pop star samples four decades of past hits in one viral track.
   ☐ Is that art—or borrowing too much?

10. An AI-generated musician tops the charts. No one knows who made the music.
    ☐ Can you connect with a song if you don’t know the artist?

11. A major record label says they’ve stopped signing new artists.
    ☐ Is this a smart business move—or a cultural loss?

12. The Grammy Awards are postponed—and no one seems to care.
    ☐ Has the music industry lost its connection to culture?

13. Streaming services start charging more for old music to push new artists.
    ☐ Would that help—or punish—listeners?

14. A musician wins a major award—but refuses to accept it from a virtual audience.
    ☐ Is that brave—or outdated?

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• Why did the monk Filofei believe Russia could be the "Third Rome"?
  A. Because it was geographically close to Rome
  B. Because it had inherited the strongest navy
  C. Because it represented spiritual and political succession
  D. Because it had conquered both previous Romes
  E. Because it rejected Western ideologies

• What is the main idea behind rebuilding historical landmarks brick-for-brick?
  A. To prevent tourism from declining
  B. To erase modern architecture
  C. To preserve symbolic identity
  D. To boost national competition
  E. To showcase government wealth

• Why might some empires be considered “reboots” rather than new regimes?
  A. They maintain control through international media
  B. They copy traditions and systems from older powers
  C. They all emerge from monarchies
  D. They rely only on religious authority
  E. They never establish national borders

• What tension arises when reconstructing destroyed cultural buildings?
  A. Funding always favors futuristic redesign
  B. Memory conflicts with modern purpose
  C. Architects refuse to use original materials
  D. Tourists demand replicas be incomplete
  E. Local artists are banned from contributing

• Why are librarians seen as powerful in Asimov’s Foundation series?
  A. They store weapons knowledge
  B. They control the empire’s taxes
  C. They protect cultural memory through knowledge
  D. They use secret political strategies
  E. They are chosen as rulers by AI

• How does the revived Pan Am brand in South Korea differ from its original identity?
  A. It focuses on luxury hotels
  B. It recreates flight experiences
  C. It sells fashion and lifestyle products
  D. It operates small ferry cruises
  E. It builds vintage airports

• Why is the 2025 Pan Am luxury tour significant to cultural revivalism?
  A. It copies a WWII military route
  B. It’s the first international flight since COVID
  C. It blends nostalgia with modern luxury
  D. It uses only propeller aircraft
  E. It’s a state-run travel experiment

• What role does TikTok play in the revival of vintage tech?
  A. It bans all analog content
  B. It amplifies niche trends through short videos
  C. It forces creators to use digital filters
  D. It only features new tech
  E. It discourages trends older than 5 years

• What is one reason people are drawn to cassette tapes today?
  A. They offer the highest audio clarity
  B. They are only used for educational purposes
  C. They encourage focused listening with no skipping
  D. They include built-in social sharing
  E. They have automatic internet connection

• What does the popularity of instant film suggest about digital photography?
  A. Digital images are considered more trustworthy
  B. People miss the imperfections and physicality of analog
  C. Film is cheaper than digital
  D. People no longer print any photographs
  E. Modern photography eliminates emotion

• What emotion best drives the comeback of 2000s digital cameras?
  A. Indifference
  B. Shame
  C. Pride
  D. Nostalgia
  E. Disgust

• What defines a “de-extinct” brand in modern media?
  A. A brand that is genetically engineered
  B. A brand that is copied illegally
  C. A brand that’s revived and sold with new identity
  D. A brand that never actually disappeared
  E. A brand that exists only on paper

• Why might some say old music is "killing" new music?
  A. It takes up most of the market share
  B. It contains political messages
  C. It causes artists to plagiarize
  D. It is legally required to be played
  E. It was written by non-digital artists

• What role do emotions play in interpreting songs about politics?
  A. They obscure the facts
  B. They amplify historical context
  C. They are irrelevant to critical thinking
  D. They replace logic entirely
  E. They distort listener memory

• Why are hologram performances controversial?
  A. They improve live sound too much
  B. They mix AI with live musicians
  C. They feature artists without consent
  D. They compete with living musicians
  E. They require special concert halls

• What does the dominance of vinyl and cassettes say about modern consumer habits?
  A. People want cheaper alternatives
  B. People prefer renting over owning
  C. People value tactile, imperfect media
  D. People reject any form of digital audio
  E. People only trust media without screens

• Why are streaming algorithms blamed for limiting new music?
  A. They only promote royalty-free content
  B. They are controlled by musicians
  C. They reward safe, familiar sounds
  D. They play songs in reverse order
  E. They rely on public radio formats

• What impact has copyright fear had on new artists?
  A. It protects them from plagiarism
  B. It reduces the quality of music
  C. It discourages innovation due to legal risks
  D. It increases music accessibility
  E. It guarantees fair payment

• Why are investors buying old song catalogs instead of supporting new talent?
  A. They’re more affordable
  B. They’re easier to stream
  C. They provide stable financial returns
  D. They require fewer ethical agreements
  E. They are guaranteed Grammy wins

• How do algorithms affect musical diversity?
  A. They highlight global soundscapes
  B. They erase genre categories
  C. They recommend songs similar to past favorites
  D. They play songs randomly
  E. They block instrumental music

• What’s one risk of reviving a failed brand?
  A. It becomes too successful
  B. It confuses audiences about its original purpose
  C. It changes product prices
  D. It violates tax laws
  E. It loses all legal trademarks

• What does it mean when new music becomes “furniture music”?
  A. It’s designed to be interactive
  B. It’s used only in advertisements
  C. It blends into daily life with little impact
  D. It is written by AI with no lyrics
  E. It’s used to sell antique furniture

• What caused the decline in Grammy Awards viewership?
  A. The shows were too short
  B. Only one genre was represented
  C. Audiences cared more about old music
  D. Tickets were sold out
  E. They were held during school hours

• Why is deepfake music problematic for living artists?
  A. It removes lyrics
  B. It forces them to change genres
  C. It imitates voices too closely
  D. It’s illegal in most countries
  E. It can’t be streamed

• What quality of older tech makes it more appealing to Gen Z creators?
  A. It works with cloud systems
  B. It removes all limits
  C. It demands physical interaction and focus
  D. It comes with free storage
  E. It syncs with smartphones

• Why might nostalgic branding become misleading?
  A. It always increases prices
  B. It’s hard to trademark
  C. It can sell a false story about the past
  D. It’s never popular
  E. It encourages plagiarism

• Why did instant cameras become popular again with Gen Z?
  A. They’re the most affordable cameras
  B. They create unlimited high-res images
  C. They offer tangible, imperfect memories
  D. They use cloud storage
  E. They’re mandatory for school photography

• What danger arises when old songs dominate streaming platforms?
  A. The platforms crash more often
  B. New songs are automatically blocked
  C. Cultural development slows down
  D. Lyrics become more controversial
  E. Fans lose access to playlists

• What makes dead musicians competitive with living ones?
  A. Their songs are taught in schools
  B. They can perform via holograms and remixes
  C. They’re all on social media
  D. They pay fewer taxes
  E. They license new instruments

• What type of tech is often called “imperfect but inspiring”?
  A. AI recording software
  B. 4K video
  C. Analog media like film and tape
  D. Touchscreen laptops
  E. Noise-canceling earbuds

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🔥 Fire: More Than Just Flames

Yes, things really do catch fire. The Hangzhou Round is remembered partly because… well, it literally caught fire. But before we dive into historical blazes and fiery myths, let’s ask something simple:
What is fire, anyway? Why does it burn, and what does it need to exist?

Start with these key science terms and see how they connect:
oxidation | ignition | combustion | flash point | convection
fire triangle | fire tetrahedron | flame | fuel

Together, they explain how fire starts, grows, and spreads. But this isn’t just chemistry—it’s the beginning of humanity’s most powerful relationship with nature.

🔥 Who Discovered Fire? Or… Invented It?

Fire has been part of our history for hundreds of thousands of years. But do we really know who first harnessed it—or when? Was it an accidental discovery from a lightning strike, or the result of early human experimentation?

Now imagine this:
If someone “discovered” fire for the first time in 2024, could they patent it? Own it? Make money off it? And would it fall under international copyright laws like a book or a video game?

In ancient times, no one person “owned” fire, but some cultures treated it as sacred—protected by gods or assigned to temple keepers. Fire was a symbol of power, survival, and civilization. So:
Team Talk – If fire had a creator today, would it be free to use—or locked behind a license?

🔥 From Flint to Fire Starters: How We Set Things Ablaze

While nature can spark fire with lightning or lava, humans learned to create it on purpose. But it wasn’t always as simple as flicking a lighter.

Explore ancient and modern fire-starting tools:
lighter | match | lenses | hand drill | fire striker | flint & steel | safety match

Some methods were clever (and slow). Others were deadly. Some used the sun. Others used… ants?

Team Talk – Should kids be taught how to safely start a fire? If so, at what age—and why?

🔥 The Fire No One Could Put Out

In Byzantine times, there was a terrifying weapon called Greek fire—a burning liquid that could stay lit on water. It shocked enemies and gave the Byzantines a fiery edge in naval battles. And no one really knows the full recipe.

Today, there are modern parallels:
napalm | thermite | white phosphorus—each controversial, each powerful.

Team Talk – Should these substances be allowed today? Are there non-lethal uses for such chemistry, or should we leave them in the past?

🔥 Firelight Animations and Prehistoric Cinema?

For early humans, fire meant more than warmth and food. New research suggests that cave dwellers may have used flickering flames to create animations—yes, animations—on cave walls. Moving animals, flickering shadows... a kind of ancient movie.

Team Talk – Should we bring this kind of storytelling back? Can other natural forces (like wind or water) also be used to tell stories?

🎆 Fireworks: Celebration or Catastrophe?

On New Year’s Eve, cities around the world explode with fireworks. But every year, tragedy strikes somewhere. In 2024, a deadly firework accident in Hawaii reminded us that joy can turn to danger in an instant.

Explore the history of fireworks, believed to have originated in China. What were they originally made of? What were they meant for—scaring off spirits or celebrating emperors?

Team Talk – Should fireworks be banned? If yes, what could replace them as a way to mark special occasions? Could music, drones, or light shows do the trick?

🎶 Fire in Music: Explosions You Can Hear

Musicians have long been fascinated by fire. Some celebrate its energy, while others warn of its danger.

Listen to these fire-inspired pieces and ask:
Are they celebrating fire? Criticizing it? Or simply inspired by its mystery and emotion?

• George Frideric Handel | Music for the Royal Fireworks (1749)

• Igor Stravinsky | Feu d'artifice (1908)

• Katy Perry | Firework (2010)

• Johnny Cash | Ring of Fire (1963)

• Vangelis | Chariots of Fire (1981)

What sounds or lyrics do they use to capture the feeling of something exploding—or glowing?

🔥 Keeping the Fire Alive

Ever sat by a fire and had someone say, “Can you throw more wood on it?” In ancient times, people were assigned to keep fires going all day and night. It wasn’t easy to restart a fire if it went out, so people tended to it carefully—like it was alive.

Explore how ancient cultures turned this idea into myths, with gods and keepers of eternal flames.

Team Talk – Can you think of something else—besides fire—that’s easier to maintain than to restart? (Hint: friendships, motivation, peace?) Who “tends” these things in your life?

🔥 Fire in Art, Music, and Words

Now take a step back. Fire isn’t just something that burns—it’s a metaphor. A symbol. A feeling.
Look at how fire appears in art, music, and literature. Do these works show fire literally—or do they use it to say something deeper?

🎨 Art

• J.M.W. Turner | The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons (1835)

• Alberto Burri | Red Plastic (1961)

• Tsukioka Yoshitoshi | The Moon in Smoke (1886)

🎼 Music

• Jean Sibelius | The Origin of Fire (1910)

• Jerry Lee Lewis | Great Balls of Fire (1957)

• Sergei Prokofiev | Winter Bonfire (1951)

📚 Literature

• William Blake | “The Tyger” (1794)

• Linda Hogan | “The History of Fire” (2021)

• Forrest Gander | “Wasteland: on the California Wildfires” (2020)

Team Talk – What do these pieces really say about fire? Is it beauty, danger, power, inspiration—or all of them at once?

Let this be your spark. 🔥

Fire changed the world—and continues to shape it in science, story, and society. How will you explore its meanings, and what kind of fire will you keep burning?

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Speeches That Spark Change—and Burn with Belief

Some speeches make us dream big. Others try to stop us from tearing each other apart. U.S. President John F. Kennedy is remembered for promising to send humans to the moon—but his most daring speech might have been the one about peace. In 1963, at American University, JFK delivered a powerful message calling for understanding between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. But was it realistic? Watch key moments from the speech and ask yourself:
Can a speech about peace still be passionate—and persuasive?
Did JFK sound wise, or was he overlooking the complicated role America plays in the world?

Now, look at these other historical speeches. Do you think they stirred people to action—or simply sounded idealistic?

• Red Jacket (1906) – The White Man and the Red: A Native American chief defends his people’s way of life.

• Haile Selassie (1936) – Appeal to the League of Nations: An emperor asks the world to stop Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia.

• Robert Menzies (1942) – The Forgotten People: An Australian leader talks about democracy and the middle class.

• Jawaharlal Nehru (1947) – A Tryst with Destiny: India's first prime minister celebrates independence—and a new chapter for his nation.

With your team, discuss:
👉 Are powerful speeches always honest—or can they be both inspiring and unrealistic at the same time?
👉 Do you think these leaders believed every word they said?

When Fictional Speeches Feel Real

Some people say all political speeches are fake—more acting than truth. So what happens when fictional politicians give speeches? Sometimes they hit harder than the real thing. Consider these famous movie and TV moments:

• Braveheart (1995): “They may take our lives, but they’ll never take our freedom.”

• Independence Day (1996): “We will not go quietly into the night!”

• The West Wing (2002): “The streets of heaven are too crowded with angels.”

• Love, Actually (2003): “We may be a small country, but we’re a great one too.”

🗣️ Why do these fictional speeches move us?
🗣️ Would they still work if delivered by real leaders? Why or why not?

Leaders Who Cross Borders

It’s common for world leaders to speak in other countries—sometimes to strengthen friendships, sometimes to ask for help. In 2013, President Barack Obama gave a speech in Mexico that aimed to connect people across borders. Read the final paragraphs of that speech. Then discuss:

🌎 Would the fictional prime minister from Love, Actually have praised this speech—or rolled his eyes?
🌍 How does Obama’s message compare with a modern wartime speech from Ukraine’s president?
🏛️ Which world leaders, past or present, would you want to speak in your school or community? What should they talk about?

The Mic, the Medium, the Moment

Words are powerful—but how we hear them changes everything. Thanks to radio, millions of Americans once gathered around to hear Franklin D. Roosevelt’s calm voice during crisis. Later, JFK’s confident face was beamed into homes by television. Today, speeches go viral online in seconds. But would these messages have worked the same in another format?

Explore how technology helped each of these moments make history:

• Fireside Chats | Roosevelt speaks softly to a nation in trouble

• Wartime Broadcasts | Churchill inspires hope during World War II

• Apollo 11 | The Moon landing broadcast that united the globe

• Kennedy vs. Nixon | The first televised presidential debate

• “Miracle on Ice” | A Cold War-era sports victory that became a cultural moment

• New Year’s Concerts | From Vienna’s classical sounds to Eurovision’s pop showdowns

• Jazz Hour & Intervision | Musical diplomacy during the Cold War

💬 Could FDR’s radio chats have worked on TikTok?
📺 Would a Churchill speech have felt different as a YouTube vlog?
📱 How does the way we listen shape what we believe?

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Living Again, One Way or Another

We’ve all seen that dramatic moment in a movie or on TV—doctors trying desperately to restart a heart. And then… a pause. “Time of death: 5:11 a.m.” It feels final. But in real life, things aren’t always that simple.

Scientists now believe that death isn’t just a single moment—it’s more like a process. Sometimes, with the right tools and timing, people can be brought back. But when? And how? That’s where the difference between resuscitation (reviving someone) and resurrection (bringing someone back from death after a longer time, often with a mystical or sci-fi twist) comes in.

🧠 Team Talk: How much of a person’s brain or personality needs to be working before we say it’s worth keeping them alive? And who gets to make that call? Should it be family, doctors, or someone else?

Many cultures throughout history have tried to explain what happens after death—some hopeful, some terrifying. Explore and compare beliefs like:

• Valhalla (Norse mythology’s warrior paradise)

• Tartarus (a dark pit of punishment in Greek myth)

• Diyu and Jigoku (underworlds in Chinese and Japanese traditions)

• Nirvana and samsara (from Indian religions, dealing with peace and cycles of rebirth)

• The Happy Hunting Ground (a spiritual afterlife in some Native American cultures)

📚 Discuss: What do these different stories have in common? How do they reflect what people value—or fear?

Death… as a Doorway?

While magical wardrobes might be the stuff of fairy tales, tensei stories (Japanese for "reincarnation") use death itself as the doorway to a new world. In these popular anime, manga, and fantasy books, characters die and wake up in entirely new worlds—sometimes with new powers, memories, or even appearances.

✨ Team Talk: Why are these stories so popular today? Do they offer hope, escape, or a second chance? Could our world be the weird, magical place someone from another universe is reborn into?

Forever Young? The Billionaire’s Dream

For thousands of years, humans have dreamed of defeating death. Now, thanks to modern science—and a lot of billionaire funding—some researchers believe we might be close. But should we live forever?

Cutting-edge fields like:

• Cryonics (freezing people until we know how to heal them)

• Biomechatronics (blending body parts with machines)

• Regenerative medicine (repairing or growing organs and tissues)

• Genetic enhancement (editing DNA to make us stronger or healthier)

• Senolytics (targeting “zombie” cells that cause aging)

• Stem cell therapy (replacing damaged cells)

• Reproductive cloning and digital cloning (copying our bodies—or our minds)

🧪 Team Talk: If these options were available, would you choose any? Should anyone be allowed to live for 200 years? Would it help society—or harm it?

The Price of Never Saying Goodbye

In the manga Frieren: Beyond Journey’s End, a 1,000-year-old elf looks back with deep regret—not over battles fought, but over friendships missed. Her human companions lived full lives, while she barely got to know them before they were gone.

This story taps into something ancient: the idea that living forever isn’t just magical—it can also be lonely.

📖 Read or reflect on these stories about immortality:

• William Wordsworth – “Ode: Intimations of Immortality” (1815)

• Alfred Lord Tennyson – “Tithonus” (1833), the man who aged forever

• Mary Shelley – “The Mortal Immortal” (1833), a haunting tale of eternal youth

• Ray Bradbury – “Hail and Farewell” (1948), about a boy who never grows up

• Ursula K. Le Guin – “The Island of the Immortals” (1998), a deep dive into what never dying really means

📚 Team Talk: Why are writers so obsessed with immortality? Is it curiosity—or a warning? What do these stories show us about what it means to be human?

Creating Life from Scratch? We’ve Done It.

In 2002, U.S. scientists managed to build a virus (polio) completely from materials they ordered through the mail. Welcome to synthetic biology, where life itself can be designed like a machine.

🔬 Team Talk: What could synthetic biology do for people in the future? Could it help cure diseases or create better food? What’s the difference between making something—and synthesizing it?

Also, think beyond the human body—could synthetic biology change the way we interact with nature or animals?

Frozen in Time... or Just in the Freezer?

Not all science is about the future—some of it involves digging into the past. In the UK, scientists keep a special collection of bacteria that’s over 100 years old. It’s called the National Collection of Type Cultures.

At the same time, as the Arctic warms, ancient layers of frozen ground—called permafrost—are melting, revealing prehistoric viruses and bacteria that haven’t been seen in tens of thousands of years.

🌍 Team Talk: Why are so many of these discoveries happening in the Arctic? What could they teach us—and what risks might they pose?

Seeds of the Future: A Real-Life Time Capsule

Imagine a vault hidden inside a mountain near the North Pole, filled not with gold—but with seeds. That’s the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, and it’s like a giant backup drive for life on Earth.

If crops were wiped out by disaster, war, or climate change, these seeds could help bring them back.

🌱 Team Talk: Why is it so important to protect living samples—plants, animals, even bacteria—for future generations? Are there things today we should be preserving that we’re not?

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🎭 Entertaining Ourselves Back to Life

In The Return of the King—the third and final book in The Lord of the Rings trilogy—(spoiler alert!) Aragorn steps up as the rightful king, returning to rally humanity in the face of a powerful and terrifying enemy. This theme of a long-awaited hero coming back to save the day shows up over and over again in stories, from the well-known legend of King Arthur to the still-unfolding tale of Jon Snow. Why are we so drawn to stories where a leader returns to unite a broken world? Could it be connected to how we respond to political shifts in the real world?

Explore these legendary and historical figures, then chat with your team:
Horus | Yudhishthira | Jesus | Richard the Lionheart
Charles II | Louis XVIII | Henry VII | Juan Carlos I
The Hobbit | Prince Caspian | Kimba the White Lion

🔍 Team Talk:

• Why do stories of comeback kings and returning leaders feel so powerful?

• What similar hopes or fears might exist in today’s politics?

⛰️ Comebacks That Crashed—or Climbed

You’ve heard the saying, “If at first you don’t succeed, try again.” But sometimes, trying again just means failing harder. Napoleon Bonaparte, for example, escaped exile on the island of Elba, declared himself emperor again... only to lose it all at the Battle of Waterloo. And yet, other exiles have found new purpose—or fame—after being cast out.

Take a look at these names and dig into their second acts:
Albert Einstein | Leon Trotsky | Jimmy Carter | Friedrich Engels
Dante | Confucius | Rodrigo Belmonte
Malala Yousafzai | Sun Mu | Belarus Free Theatre | An-My Le

🔍 Team Talk:

• Why did some of these comebacks succeed while others collapsed?

• Can you think of other real or fictional figures who tried to bounce back—but didn’t make it?

🕯️ Famous—Only After They Were Gone

“Funny when you're dead how people start listenin’,” goes the lyric from “If I Die Young,” a hit song from 2010. History is full of people who were barely noticed while alive—but became legends after their death. Take Vincent van Gogh, for instance: his paintings only gained recognition because others preserved and promoted his legacy after he was gone. So how should we honor creators—while they’re still here?

Explore these names:
Gregor Mendel | Alfred Wegener
Emily Dickinson | Franz Kafka | Anne Frank
Vivian Maier | Otis Redding | Jim Croce | Nick Drake

🔍 Team Talk:

• Is it better to celebrate creators during their lifetime—or does death add something mysterious to their work?

• What’s the best way to bring someone’s legacy back to life?

🎶 Do It Again (On Purpose)

Saying “I did it again” doesn’t always mean you made a mistake. Many artists revisit, revise, or even fully re-record their earlier works. Taylor Swift’s new versions of her old albums have taken over the charts—even though many of the songs remain mostly unchanged. But her decision to reclaim and re-release her work has had ripple effects in the music industry.

🔍 Team Talk:

• When’s the right time to re-release old work?

• Should the original artist always be involved in reviving or reworking their creations?

🧠 When It’s You—But Not You

In 2023, musician Porter Robinson launched “Po-uta,” a digital voice bank that lets other artists create songs using his own voice. He hoped future musicians could experiment with his style even after he stopped making music. Meanwhile, Hollywood stars are creating AI versions of themselves—some to “act” in multiple movies at once, others to preserve their image for future roles.

🔍 Team Talk:

• When does it matter if an artwork was made by a human—or a digital version of them?

• Would you feel different listening to a song or watching a movie if it wasn’t really the artist performing?

🎼 Finishing the Unfinished

Ludwig van Beethoven never completed his Tenth Symphony. But today, artificial intelligence—with lots of help from real musicians—has taken a crack at finishing it. You can compare this new version with a much earlier attempt by musicologist Barry Cooper.

🔍 Team Talk:

• Which version feels more “real” to you?

• Does a piece of music (or art) lose something if it’s finished by someone—or something—else?

• Are there other famous unfinished works you’d like to see completed using modern tools?

🎤 EPIC Retellings

People joke about how often some guys think about the Roman Empire—but Jorge Rivera-Herrans had ancient Greece on his mind. He created EPIC: The Musical, a reimagining of Homer’s The Odyssey, blending video game music, rap, and theater. He shared much of the process on TikTok, gaining a huge following along the way. One standout track: “Wouldn’t You Like” (go on, give it a listen).

🔍 Team Talk:

• Should creators involve fans more during the creative process?

• Would it have made this outline more exciting if you helped write it?

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Ready, Set, Ignite!

Cars don’t always start on the first try—but when they do, what’s really happening under the hood? Let’s find out. From the moment you turn the key (or press a button), an intricate process kicks in to bring the vehicle to life. But getting the car to start is just the beginning. Once it’s on the move, it’s powered by a series of rapid mini-explosions that keep it running… at least until the next red light or traffic jam.

With your team, dive into the science behind how internal combustion engines actually work. When were they first invented? And with all the new technology today, are they becoming outdated? Explore the types of engines and fuels that have kept cars moving for over a century, including:

• Types of Engines: internal combustion engine, heat engine, gas turbine engine, Wankel rotary engine, Otto engine, reciprocating piston engine, rotary engines, continuous combustion engines

• Fuels and Alternatives: hydrocarbons, diesel, biodiesel, bioethanol, ETBE, hydrogen

Now, shift gears and explore something quieter: electric cars. Believe it or not, they were popular long before Elon Musk’s Teslas hit the road. Back in the early 1900s, electric vehicles were known for being easy to use, quiet, and—for those tired of city smells—free of horse manure. They were on track to lead the automotive revolution… until they mysteriously disappeared for almost a century.

With your group, investigate what caused electric cars to vanish from the roads—and why they’ve made such a powerful comeback. What inventions made that possible? What challenges still remain? And have you ever imagined what it would be like to get stuck inside a self-driving taxi? Or wondered why we still don’t have flying cars?

Burning Questions About the Sun

Our sun may look like a big ball of fire—but did you know it’s not technically “burning”? It’s more like a massive pool of glowing gas powered by nuclear reactions. Someday, though, that fuel will run out. Some scientists are already wondering: what happens then? While most people are busy worrying about things like their future careers or where they’ll live when they grow up, others are thinking much, much further ahead—like what will happen when the sun itself dies out.

Explore what stars like our sun are really made of and how they produce energy. Learn why they eventually fade away—and whether there’s anything humans could do to stop it. Then discuss with your group: How far into the future should we be planning? When does a distant problem become urgent enough to act on now?

When the Earth Fights Back

Volcanoes erupt with incredible power—not because of baking soda (sorry, science fair projects), but because of massive pressure deep underground. That pressure builds up until it violently escapes, changing entire landscapes—and sometimes, human history. But what causes a dormant volcano to suddenly come back to life? Could human activity make eruptions more likely? And what does it mean when we call a rock “igneous”?

Work with your team to research the causes and effects of volcanic eruptions. Then explore famous eruptions from history and consider: how do we predict these events, and how much control do we really have?

Explore cases like:
Mount Vesuvius | Huaynaputina | Unzendake | Tambora | Krakatoa | Lake Nyos | Mount St. Helens | Eyjafjallajökull | Hunga Tonga | Yellowstone

Wars That Wouldn’t Stay Over

Just like volcanoes, some wars don’t stay quiet forever. Even after treaties are signed, and peace seems restored, conflict can spark up again—sometimes years or even centuries later. Truces collapse. Agreements fail. And history repeats itself.

Investigate wars that stretched over decades or kept returning in waves. Then discuss: What does it take to end a war for good? Is peace more likely when one side wins completely, or when both sides make compromises? Can a war ever truly be “over” if the causes behind it aren’t resolved?

Explore long-lasting and recurring conflicts like:
Punic Wars | Hundred Years War | Wars of the Roses | Mongol Invasions | Reconquista (Spain) | 335 Years War

Let these burning engines, blazing stars, erupting volcanoes, and never-ending wars spark new questions—and fresh team conversations. What keeps things going, what brings them back, and what does it take to stop them once and for all?

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🧠 The Generative Area: Imagining the Impossible

Pattern Spotting or Mind Trickery?

You’re having a serious conversation, trying to focus—and then, out of the corner of your eye, you notice a giraffe... in the carpet?! Your brain hasn’t glitched; it’s just showing off a phenomenon known as pareidolia: the remarkable human tendency to see faces, creatures, or patterns in totally random objects (like clouds, toast, or floor tiles).

🧩 Research Task: What’s going on in your brain when pareidolia kicks in?

💬 Team Talk:

• Would life be better if humans could only see what’s literally there—and nothing more?

• When does this mental trick hurt us (think: jumping to conclusions)?

• And when does it help (think: spotting danger—or making amazing art)?

🗺️ Where Ideas Are Born

Some places just feel like they’re made for creativity. In the song “Once Upon a Time in New York City,” the city is described as a place where “beginnings are contagious.” It’s easy to see why—New York has long been a magnet for dreamers.

🗼Meanwhile, in 1920s Paris, writers like Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald gathered in cafés and salons to swap stories, debate, and inspire one another. These salons—creative meetups for thinkers and artists—were hotspots for big ideas.

🕵️ Explore: What were salons really like, and how did they shape creative history?

💬 Team Talk:

• Is there a place in your country that attracts creative minds?

• Have online communities replaced the salon—and if so, do they work as well?

🧬 What Happens Inside Your Brain When You Imagine?

Imagination might feel like magic, but it has a science behind it. Different brain parts work together to help you picture new worlds, ideas, or even people who don’t exist. But how?

🧠 Key Terms to Explore:

• memory | mental imagery | perception | world view

• neocortex | thalamus | frontal cortex | REM sleep

💬 Team Talk:

• How might a person’s imagination change if one of these areas was altered?

• How are imagination and emotion connected? What about belief, fantasy, or “what if” thinking?

🌈 Is That a Daydream—or a Drug Trip?

Some substances can boost imagination, while others take it too far. Certain hallucinogens can cause people to see or feel things that aren’t real. But what’s the line between a hallucination and a daydream—or between a vision and a rehearsal for something real?

🧪 Explore: Which drugs are known to affect imagination—and how do they work?

💬 Team Talk:

• Should all imagination-enhancing substances be illegal?

• When is the mind simulating... and when is it hallucinating?

🧘‍♀️ Finding Imagination in Unexpected Places

While some self-help books and odd clinics promise to “boost your imagination” (and maybe sell you a sketchy implant while they’re at it), actual methods do exist. Scientists and psychologists have studied how to help the brain think more creatively.

🔍 Explore These Techniques:

• active imagination | hypnagogia | mind wandering

• hypnosis | meditation | psychological distance

• nature experiences | novel experiences

💬 Team Talk:

• Which of these would you want to try—and why?

• Which seem most effective in today’s screen-heavy world?

🎲 Writing with Rules: Can Limits Unlock Creativity?

Here’s a surprising trick used by many creative writers: instead of writing freely, they set restrictions. One famous example is “writing with constraints”, where authors intentionally limit themselves—like banning a certain letter from their story (imagine writing a whole book without using the letter “e”!).

This approach has inspired everything from poetry forms like haiku to experimental groups like the French Oulipo movement.

📚 Check Out These Examples:

• Yuen Ren Chao | “Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den” (1930s)

• Marianne Moore | “No Swan So Fine” (1932)

• Ernest Vincent Wright | Gadsby (1939, no “e” in Chapter 1!)

• Dylan Thomas | “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” (1951)

• Kimiko Hahn | “[the whale already]” (2022)

💬 Team Talk:

• Should more writers use constraints?

• Should they tell their audience about it?

• Would you want to try this for your World Scholar’s Cup writing challenge?

🎢 Imagining the Impossible: A Pop Culture Tour

From theme parks to songs, imagination has long been celebrated in pop culture. Disney even gave its dream-weaving designers the title of Imagineers—part engineer, part visionary.

🎧 Explore These Creative Visions:

• Tommy Dorsey | “Imagination” (1940)

• Gene Wilder | “Pure Imagination” (1971)

• John Lennon | “Imagine” (1971)

• Evanescence | “Imaginary” (2000)

• Cast of Mary Poppins Returns | “Can You Imagine That?” (2018)

💬 Team Talk:

• How do each of these view imagination?

• Do they share a message—or clash with each other?

🧑‍🚀 Imagining Without a Body: Could You Do It?

In the short film Shelter (2016), a girl lives inside a simulation, building imaginary worlds while cut off from real-life experiences. She isn’t alone—research into coma patients and people in long-term isolation shows that even without physical interaction, the brain can still think, feel, and imagine.

💬 Team Talk:

• Could you be happy in a world with no physical contact—only imagination?

• What would you need to stay mentally strong in that kind of life?

🤖 Can AI Truly Imagine?

Now that you understand how imagination works in the human brain, here’s a bold question: can machines really imagine?

Today’s generative AI models can write poems, draw art, even design stories. But are they truly creative—or just remixing what they’ve seen before?

🧠 Explore These Key Ideas:

• What is artificial general intelligence (AGI)?

• What is model collapse, and why does it matter?

💬 Team Talk:

• Can AI ever match the emotional and unpredictable power of the human imagination?

• What would it take to train AI to be more imaginative over time?

• What makes human creativity so hard to copy?

Let your ideas run wild—and don’t be afraid to ask the impossible. After all, that’s how imagination works. 🌌

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🎭 No Backup, But Ready to Restore

Not every creative project hits the mark the first time. In fact, some films, plays, musicals, and even songs completely flop when they’re first released—but that doesn’t always mean they’re gone for good. Sometimes, these works are picked up again—months, years, or even decades later—and reshaped into something fresh. New lyrics are added. Scenes are rewritten. Music is re-recorded. All in the hope that they’ll finally connect with audiences and find that missing spark.

Take the musical Ragtime as a perfect example. It was revised over the years, and the 2009 version of the song “Wheels of a Dream” brought out different emotional tones than the original 1998 version. Can creative projects be “rebuilt” like machines? Can the second try be the one that really makes it big?

Explore these reworked versions of artistic projects:

• Ragtime | “Wheels of a Dream” (1998) vs. (2009)

• Martin Guerre | “I Will Make You Proud” (1994) vs. “Justice Will Be Done” (1999)

• Mulan | “Reflection” vs. “Written in Stone” (1998)

• Alanis Morissette | “Ironic” (1995) vs. (2015 remake)

• K.D. Lang | “Surrender” (1997) vs. Sheryl Crow’s “Tomorrow Never Dies” (1997)

• Billy Joel | “We Didn’t Start The Fire” (1989) vs. Fall Out Boy’s version (2023)

With your team, think about the following:

• In which of these examples did the updated version succeed where the original didn’t?

• Are early versions of songs, shows, or stories worth studying and comparing—or should they be left in the past?

• What can failed versions teach us about creativity, persistence, and evolving public taste?

🎼 Sounding Like the Future

“Mix major and minor scales with a splash of the Lydian mode,” one blogger writes when giving tips for making music that sounds futuristic or sci-fi inspired. But what does that even mean?

Start by exploring:

• What are major and minor scales, and how do they make music sound happy, sad, or eerie?

• What’s the Lydian mode, and why does it often show up in space-themed music?

Then listen to the track “A TV Show Called Earth” and ask:

• Does the music sound “futuristic” or “alien”?

• What musical tricks help create that feeling?

• Is it possible to create a “future-sounding” riff—a kind of musical clue that makes your brain imagine a world that hasn’t happened yet?

🎮 Game Over or Just Beginning?

When you hear that instantly recognizable theme as blocks fall perfectly into place, you’re probably thinking of Tetris. The game’s chiptune soundtrack, created by Japanese composer Hirokazu Tanaka, is now legendary.

But should we still be making music like this today?

With your team:

• Explore the history of video game music, from simple beeps to full symphony scores.

• Debate: Is chiptune music (the kind used in retro video games) a true art form?

• Would art, music, and stories improve if they had to follow strict limits—like the low processing power and sound channels in early games—or should creators today enjoy the freedom of modern tech?

🕹️ Rhythm, Recovery, and Reinvention

Ever watched someone’s fingers fly across the screen in a rhythm game, tapping or swiping in perfect time? Rhythm games are more than just fun—they’re tools for training coordination and memory. Some therapists even use them to help people recover from brain injuries or improve their motor skills.

Try playing a few of these:

• Osu

• Beat Saber

• Dance Dance Revolution (DDR)

• Guitar Hero

• maimai

• Beatmania

• Deemo

• Just Dance

• Tap Tap Revenge

Now discuss with your team:

• Could rhythm games be used in schools to teach subjects like math, music, or languages?

• What kind of rhythm game would you invent if you wanted it to be both educational and fun?

• And here’s a big one: could rhythm games be changing the way music is made and experienced in the future?

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🔮 Punky Futures: Imagining What Comes Next

The future didn’t start with flying cars or space colonies—it started with a poem in 1909.

That was the year Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti introduced the world to a bold new idea: futurism. To Marinetti, the future wasn’t just about what was coming—it was something to chase with wild energy. He imagined a world that celebrated speed, machines, power, and the thrill of danger. The perfect symbol of this future? The roaring, unstoppable automobile.

But futurism didn’t stop there. Fast-forward to today, and futurists dream of artificial intelligence, space cities, brain-computer connections, and human-machine hybrids. So here’s something to explore with your team:
👉 How is futurism different from science fiction—or is it actually the same thing, just with a different name?
👉 Should we appreciate art or ideas that predicted futures we never actually got?

To see where it all started, take a look at two of the earliest and most famous futurist artworks:

• 🎨 Giacomo Balla – Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912): Yes, it’s a dog—but painted to capture motion like a high-speed blur.

• 🗿 Umberto Boccioni – Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913): A sculpture that looks like a human made of rushing wind and raw energy.

✨ Afrofuturism: Futures Reimagined Through Culture

Over time, futurism evolved—and different voices began using it to imagine new worlds that challenged the past. One major creative movement is Afrofuturism. This is where Black artists, musicians, and writers imagine futures shaped by African heritage, space travel, technology, and freedom.

Afrofuturism isn’t just sci-fi with cool outfits. It’s about rewriting the future—and even the past—to include voices and cultures that have often been left out.

Explore these Afrofuturist works and ask: 👉 What makes something truly Afrofuturist? 👉 Could we also have “Asiafuturism” or “Amerifuturism” based on different cultural experiences and dreams for the future?

Examples to explore:

• 🛸 Sun Ra – Space is the Place (1973): A jazz musician who claimed to be from Saturn, using music to imagine liberation through space.

• 📚 Marvel – Black Panther (1977 comic cover) vs. Black Panther (2018 movie poster): Two versions of Wakanda, a powerful African nation untouched by colonization, one imagined in the past, one on the big screen.

• 🎤 Grace Jones – Nightclubbing (1981): An artist who challenged fashion, gender, and race while sounding like the future.

• 🎶 Flying Lotus – Galaxy in Janaki (2010): A musical trip through space and sound.

• 🎧 Kendrick Lamar – Black Panther (2018): A hip-hop vision of heroism, identity, and Afrofuturism’s modern voice.

• 👓 Cyrus Kabiru – Miyale Ya Blue (2020): Futuristic eyewear sculpted from recycled junk, showing how art and survival can blend.

🌱 Solarpunk: Building a Bright, Green Future

Not all visions of the future are about speed and power. Solarpunk imagines a world where technology and nature work together—not fight each other. Instead of grim skyscrapers and pollution, solarpunk cities are full of greenery, clean energy, and peaceful vibes.

Think giant eco-buildings that feed communities. Think video games and animations that paint the future in warm tones and hopeful music. Solarpunk shows us that the future can be beautiful and sustainable.

With your team, explore the works below and ask: 👉 How do these examples make the future feel exciting instead of scary? 👉 Would you want to live in a solarpunk world? What would your life look like there?

Examples of solarpunk dreams:

• 🍃 Hayao Miyazaki – Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (1984): A fantasy where nature and humans must learn to live together—or risk destroying everything.

• 🌍 Gojira – Global Warming (2005): A metal song raising awareness about climate change and the Earth's fragility.

• 🎮 Overwatch by Blizzard Entertainment (2016): A futuristic world where heroes protect a hopeful vision of peace and progress.

• 📖 N. K. Jemison – The Ones Who Stay and Fight (2020): A story about resisting injustice in a seemingly perfect society.

• 🎵 Common – Imagine (2021): A song dreaming up better futures through collective hope and action.

• 🌬 Christian Holland – Wind Farmer (2022): An artwork that sees clean energy as poetic and beautiful.

• 🌎 Free Lives – Terra Nil (2023): A game where you restore ecosystems, not destroy them.

• 🎶 Utopian Art Machine – SolarPunk Anthem (2024): A creative rallying cry for a better tomorrow.

• 🧠 Lynn D. Jung – We Cast Our Eyes to the Unknowable Now (2025): A piece that imagines our shared journey into uncertain but hopeful futures.

☢️ Atompunk: The Retro Future That Never Was

What if the “Atomic Age” had continued—not just as science, but as style?

Atompunk is a genre that imagines a world where the futuristic dreams of the 1940s to 1960s—nuclear power, space-age homes, robot maids—actually came true. But beware: many of these dreams were wrapped up in Cold War fears, shiny gadgets, and ideas that didn’t always include everyone.

Ask your team: 👉 Would you want to live in an atompunk version of today? 👉 Why are people still fascinated by this kind of retro-future look and feel?

Explore these examples of atomic-era imagination:

• 💣 Sons of the Pioneers – Old Man Atom (1945): A quirky take on the nuclear age just after WWII.

• ⚖️ The Golden Gate Quartet – Atom and Evil (1946): A song warning about the moral dangers of atomic power.

• 👶 Five Stars – Atom Bomb Baby (1957): A song mixing nuclear science with romance.

• 🎹 Tom Lehrer – So Long, Mom (A Song For World War III) (1965): A darkly funny farewell to moms… just before nuclear war.

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🔥 Concluding Questions: Rebuild, Rethink, Rekindle

Let’s dive into the idea of creating something new from something old. Take a look at the imaginative work of artist David Irvine, who transforms everyday objects—yes, even random finds from thrift shops—into totally unique pieces of art. Think about this: will the future be made out of fragments of the past, like recycled memories and reused ideas? Or will it come from materials and concepts we haven’t even dreamed up yet? What would you rather see happen? A future built from familiar bits, or one that feels completely new?

🎵 Now, press play on the song “Section 52 (Morning Sun, I Built the Stairs)” by The Polyphonic Spree. As you listen, ask yourself: does this feel like a song about a brand new beginning, a meaningful ending, or something in between—like hitting reset? Does the music feel hopeful about the future? And how about you—do you feel optimistic about what lies ahead?

👥 Here’s a fun challenge: imagine you and your team are meeting again 20 years from now. What would you look like? (You can even use an AI tool online to create aged-up versions of yourselves!) Picture the world you’ll be living in—what kind of place will it be? What kinds of people will you have grown into? And most importantly, think about your dreams—are there any that might fade over time and need a little spark to reignite?

This curriculum is free for all students.
It includes thought-provoking debate motions, writing prompts, and challenging questions designed to help students apply their knowledge in creative and interdisciplinary ways. Whether you're curious about the future, inspired by the past, or eager to explore big ideas in new ways, this curriculum is your launchpad.

For those who want to go further, students can sign up for our Academic Support Services (Pro or Gold) or join our Gifted & Talented Programme (Premium or above) for more advanced opportunities.
⚠️ Please note: Admission to the Gifted & Talented Programme requires submission of a CogAT score or an equivalent assessment.

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